Vorinostat (SAHA; MK0683)   中文名称: 伏立诺他

HDAC1 ( IC50 = 10 nM ); HDAC3 ( IC50 = 20 nM ); HDAC2; HDAC7; HDAC11; Autophagy; Mitophagy

体外活性：Vorinostat 抑制 HDAC1 和 HDAC3 的活性，IC50 分别为 10 nM 和 20 nM。伏立诺他还会导致组蛋白 H4 显着过度乙酰化。 Vorinostat 在微摩尔浓度 (2.5-7.5 μM) 下抑制三种前列腺癌细胞系 LNCaP、PC-3 和 TSU-Pr1 的生长，并诱导 LNCaP 细胞呈剂量依赖性细胞死亡。 Vorinostat 处理 MCF-7 细胞可抑制细胞增殖，IC50 为 0.75 μM，导致细胞积聚在细胞周期的 G1 和 G2-M 期。 Vorinostat 还可诱导雌激素受体阴性细胞系 SKBr-3 和视网膜母细胞瘤阴性细胞系 MDA-468 的分化。 1 μM 伏立诺他治疗 8 小时或更长时间足以不可逆地诱导人多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 细胞凋亡。伏立诺他处理的 MM 细胞的基因表达谱并不以全局转录激活为标志，而是以基因的特定功能组的协调转录变化为标志，例如细胞因子诱导的增殖/生存信号级联、癌基因-肿瘤抑制基因、细胞凋亡调节因子、DNA合成修复和细胞周期，以及蛋白酶体泛素功能。激酶测定：免疫沉淀-HDAC 测定，将 Jurkat 细胞的裂解物在冰上孵育 1 小时，并在 4 °C 下以 12,000 g 离心 10 分钟进行澄清。上清液用 30 μL 50% 蛋白 G-Sepharose 浆料在 4 °C 下预澄清 1 小时。通过离心沉淀珠子，并将上清液与来自抗 HDAC1 或 HDAC3 多克隆抗血清的 10 μg IgG 级分在 4 °C 下孵育 1 小时（在室温下与同源或异源免疫肽预孵育 2 小时）。两种抗血清都是通过使用与匙孔血蓝蛋白偶联的合成肽在兔子中产生针对 HDAC1 和 HDAC3 羧基末端肽的。添加 30 μL 50% 蛋白 G-Sepharose 浆液，在 4 °C 下反应 1 小时。通过离心沉淀免疫复合物并用 1 mL 裂解缓冲液洗涤 3 次。将珠子重悬于 200 μL HDAC 缓冲液（20 mM Tris-HCl，pH 8.0/150 mM NaCl/10% 甘油）中，并使用对应于组蛋白 H4 氨基酸 1-24 的 3H 乙酰化肽进行 HDAC 测定。通过闪烁计数对释放的[3H]乙酸进行定量。对于抑制研究，将免疫沉淀复合物与不同浓度的伏立诺他在 4 °C 下预孵育 30 分钟。细胞测定：将细胞（LNCaP、PC-3 和 TSU-Pr1）暴露于不同浓度的伏立诺他 1、2、3 和 4 天。通过台盼蓝染料排除来评估细胞活力。

施用伏立诺他（约 100 毫克/公斤/天）可显着抑制裸鼠 CWR22 人前列腺异种移植物的生长，剂量为 25 毫克/公斤/天、50 毫克/天时，肿瘤减少 78%、97% 和 97%。与对照相比，分别为 100 mg/kg/天和 100 mg/kg/天。 Vorinostat 诱导 CWR22 细胞中乙酰化核心组蛋白的积累和前列腺特异性抗原 mRNA 的表达，导致血清前列腺特异性抗原的水平高于仅根据肿瘤体积预测的水平。口服 Vorinostat (0.67g/L) 可穿过血脑屏障，增加大脑中的组蛋白乙酰化，并显着改善亨廷顿病 R6/2 小鼠模型的运动障碍。

将 Jurkat 细胞裂解物用冰处理一小时，然后在 4 °C 下以 12,000 g 离心十分钟以除去任何残留物质。将 30 μL 50% 蛋白 G-Sepharose 浆液添加到上清液中，并在 4 °C 下放置一小时以对其进行预澄清。使用同源或异源免疫肽，通过离心沉淀珠子，然后将上清液与来自抗 HDAC1 或 HDAC3 多克隆抗血清的 10 μg IgG 级分在 4 °C 下孵育 1 小时（在室温下预孵育 2 小时） ）。使用与匙孔血蓝蛋白偶联的合成肽，用兔子来产生针对 HDAC1 和 HDAC3 羧基末端肽的抗血清。添加 30 μL 50% 蛋白 G-Sepharose 浆液，在 4°C 下放置半小时。免疫复合物离心后，用1 mL裂解缓冲液洗涤3次。 HDAC 测定中使用对应于组蛋白 H4 氨基酸 1 至 24 的 ³3H-乙酰化肽，并将珠子重悬于 200 μL HDAC 缓冲液（20 mM Tris-HCl，pH 8.0）中。 /150 mM 氯化钠/10% 甘油）。通过使用闪烁计数，可以测量释放的[³H]乙酸。将不同浓度的伏立诺他与免疫沉淀复合物在 4 °C 下预孵育 30 分钟，以进行抑制研究。

使用 RIPA 缓冲液（25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6、150 mM NaCl、1% NP-40、1% 脱氧胆酸钠、0.1% SDS）制备细胞裂解物，并使用 Bio-Rad DC 蛋白测定法测量蛋白质浓度。蛋白质裂解物通过 SDS-PAGE 分离后转移到硝酸纤维素膜上。使用随后的稀释液和抗体：小鼠抗 p21WAF1 (0.5 μg/mL)、兔抗 HDAC1 (1 μg/mL)、兔抗 HDAC2 (1 μg/mL)、兔抗 HDAC3 (9 μg/mL) ) 和兔抗 HDAC7 (3 μg/mL)。二抗采用猪抗兔和兔抗鼠HRP偶联抗体，终浓度为1 μg/mL。所有一抗在洗涤前均在 4°C 下孵育一整晚，二抗在室温下孵育两小时。增强的化学发光测定允许特定蛋白质条带的可视化。为了显示蛋白质样品的均匀加载，在每个蛋白质印迹中都会探测 β-微管蛋白。

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate negligible biotransformation by cytochromes P450 (CYP). Vorinostat is eliminated predominantly through metabolism with less than 1% of the dose recovered as unchanged drug in urine, indicating that renal excretion does not play a role in the elimination of vorinostat. However, renal excretion does not play a role in the elimination of vorinostat.
The pharmacokinetics of vorinostat were evaluated in 23 patients with relapsed or refractory advanced cancer. After oral administration of a single 400-mg dose of vorinostat with a high-fat meal, the mean +/- standard deviation area under the curve (AUC) and peak serum concentration (Cmax) and the median (range) time to maximum concentration (Tmax) were 5.5+/-1.8 uM.hr, 1.2+/-0.62 uM and 4 (2-10) hours, respectively.
In the fasted state, oral administration of a single 400-mg dose of vorinostat resulted in a mean AUC and Cmax and median Tmax of 4.2+/-1.9 uM.hr and 1.2+/-0.35 uM and 1.5 (0.5-10) hours, respectively. Therefore, oral administration of vorinostat with a high-fat meal resulted in an increase (33%) in the extent of absorption and a modest decrease in the rate of absorption (Tmax delayed 2.5 hours) compared to the fasted state. However, these small effects are not expected to be clinically meaningful. In clinical trials of patients with CTCL, vorinostat was taken with food.
At steady state in the fed-state, oral administration of multiple 400-mg doses of vorinostat resulted in a mean AUC and Cmax and a median Tmax of 6.0+/-2.0 uM.hr, 1.2+/-0.53 uM and 4 (0.5-14) hours, respectively.
Vorinostat is approximately 71% bound to human plasma proteins over the range of concentrations of 0.5 to 50 ug/mL.
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Vorinostat (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
The major pathways of vorinostat metabolism involve glucuronidation and hydrolysis followed by β-oxidation. Human serum levels of two metabolites, O-glucuronide of vorinostat and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid were measured. Both metabolites are pharmacologically inactive. Compared to vorinostat, the mean steady state serum exposures in humans of the O-glucuronide of vorinostat and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid were 4-fold and 13-fold higher, respectively. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate negligible biotransformation by cytochromes P450 (CYP).
Vorinostat is extensively metabolized to inactive metabolites, principally by glucuronidation and hydrolysis followed by beta-oxidation. The drug is not metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzymes.
The major pathways of vorinostat metabolism involve glucuronidation and hydrolysis followed by beta-oxidation. Human serum levels of two metabolites, O-glucuronide of vorinostat and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid were measured. Both metabolites are pharmacologically inactive. Compared to vorinostat, the mean steady state serum exposures in humans of the O-glucuronide of vorinostat and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid were 4-fold and 13-fold higher, respectively.
The mean urinary recovery of two pharmacologically inactive metabolites at steady state was 16+/-5.8% of vorinostat dose as the O glucuronide of vorinostat, and 36+/-8.6% of vorinostat dose as 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid. Total urinary recovery of vorinostat and these two metabolites averaged 52+/-13.3% of vorinostat dose.

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Biological Half-Life
2 hours
... Patients (n = 23) received single doses of 400 mg vorinostat on day 1 (fasted) and day 5 (fed) with 48 hours of pharmacokinetic sampling on both days. Patients received 400 mg vorinostat once daily on days 7 to 28. On day 28, vorinostat was given (fed) with pharmacokinetic sampling for 24 hours after dose. The apparent t(1/2) of vorinostat was short (approximately 1.5 hours). ...
The mean terminal half-life was /approximately/ 2.0 hours for both vorinostat and the O-glucuronide metabolite, while that of the 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid metabolite was 11 hours.

Hepatotoxicity
In clinical trials of vorinostat in patients with CTCL, the rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy were rarely mentioned and only occasional episodes of mild elevations were recorded. Minor elevations in serum ALT levels occurred in 15% to 45% of patients, but values above 5 times ULN were rare and there were no reports of hepatitis, jaundice or clinically apparent liver injury among the treated subjects. Vorinostat has had limited clinical use, but there have been no published reports of its association with significant liver injury.
Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).

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Protein Binding
71%

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Interactions
Vorinostat is not expected to affect the pharmacokinetics of other agents. As vorinostat is not eliminated via the CYP pathways, it is anticipated that vorinostat will not be subject to drug-drug interactions when co-administered with drugs that are known CYP inhibitors or inducers. However, no formal clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate drug interactions with vorinostat.
Potential prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR) in patients receiving vorinostat concomitantly with coumarin-derivative antiacoagulants. PT and INR should be carefully monitored.
Potential severe thrombocytopenia and GI bleeding in patients receiving vorinostat concomitantly with other histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (eg, valproic acid). Platelet count should be monitored every 2 weeks for the first 2 months.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit the development of N-methylnitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumors when fed in the diet continuously for the duration of the carcinogenic process. The present study was designed to determine whether the inhibitory effects of SAHA occur during the initiation process or at subsequent stages in the carcinogenic process. In addition, animals with established NMU tumors were administered SAHA to determine whether SAHA could inhibit the continued growth of established mammary tumors. It was found that SAHA fed at 900 ppm in the diet inhibited tumor yields when administered from 14 days prior to NMU administration to termination (-14 to +130) and from +14 and +28 days to termination. However, SAHA had no effect on tumor yields when administered from -14 to +14 or from -14 to +50 days and then returned to the control diets for the remainder of the experimental period (130 days). These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of SAHA are not exerted at the initiation phase of NMU-induced mammary tumorigenesis and appear, instead, to inhibit the subsequent stages in tumor development. Of most interest was the ability of SAHA to inhibit the growth of established mammary tumors. Administration of SAHA in the diet at 900 ppm resulted in significant inhibition of established tumor growth. Thirty-two percent of SAHA-treated tumors exhibited partial regression compared to 12% of controls, growth was stabilized in 24% of treated tumors compared to 12% of controls while 11% exhibited complete regression compared to 0% of controls. Collectively, SAHA-treated tumors exhibited a 7-fold reduction in growth compared to untreated tumors over the test period. ...

[1]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1998 Mar 17;95(6):3003-7.

[2]. Cancer Res . 2000 Sep 15;60(18):5165-70.

[3]. Cancer Res . 2001 Dec 1;61(23):8492-7.

[4]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2003 Feb 18;100(4):2041-6.

[5]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2004 Jan 13;101(2):540-5.

[6]. Clin Cancer Res . 2004 Jun 1;10(11):3839-52.

[7]. Clin Cancer Res . 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5385-99.

[9]. Blood . 2008 Aug 1;112(3):793-804.

Therapeutic Uses
Antineoplastic Agents; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Vorinostat is indicated for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who have progressive, persistent or recurrent disease on or following two systemic therapies. /Included in US product label/

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Drug Warnings
Risk of pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis. Clinicians should be alert to signs and symptoms of such effects, especially in patients with a prior history of thromboembolic events.
Risk of dose-related thrombocytopenia and anemia. Dosage should be adjusted or therapy discontinued if thrombocytopenia or anemia occurs.
Risk of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; antiemetic and/or antidiarrheal agents may be required. To prevent dehydration, fluid and electrolyte replacement should be administered. Preexisting nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea should be adequately controlled before initiating therapy.
Risk of hyperglycemia. Serum glucose concentrations should be monitored, especially in patients with known or possible diabetes mellitus. Diet and/or antidiabetic therapy should be adjusted, if needed.
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Vorinostat (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

C14H20N2O3

264.3

264.147

C, 63.62; H, 7.63; N, 10.60; O, 18.16

149647-78-9

5311

White to off-white solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

161-162°C

1.567

0.86

78.43

3

3

8

19

276

0

O=C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(N([H])O[H])=O)N([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H]

WAEXFXRVDQXREF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C14H20N2O3/c17-13(15-12-8-4-3-5-9-12)10-6-1-2-7-11-14(18)16-19/h3-5,8-9,19H,1-2,6-7,10-11H2,(H,15,17)(H,16,18)

N'-hydroxy-N-phenyloctanediamide

MK0683; SAHA; M344; CCRIS 8456; CCRIS8456; CCRIS-8456; HSDB 7930; Vorinostat; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; MK-0683; MK 0683; MK0683; M344; HSDB 7930; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; Zolinza; N-hydroxy-N'-phenyloctanediamide; N1-hydroxy-N8-phenyloctanediamide; Suberanilohydroxamic acid; Trade name: Zolinza

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.46 mM) (饱和度未知) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.46 mM) (饱和度未知) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中，混匀；再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；然后加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；再向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；然后加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 5 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100μL 20.8mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到900μL 20％SBE-β-CD生理盐水中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 6 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 7 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，要配制1 mL工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清DMSO 储备液加入900 μL 玉米油中，混匀。

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配方 8 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，要配制1 mL工作液，可将100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 澄清DMSO 储备液加入900 μL 玉米油中，混匀。

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配方 9 中的溶解度: 2% DMSO+30% PEG 300+ddH2O: 5mg/mL

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配方 10 中的溶解度: 3.33 mg/mL (12.60 mM) in 20% HP-β-CD in Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。