DPP-4 (IC50 = 26 nM)

体外活性：沙格列汀对 DPP4 的抑制常数 Ki 为 1.3 nM，比维格列汀或西格列汀（另两种 DPP4 抑制剂）的效力强 10 倍，Ki 分别为 13 和 18 nM。此外，沙格列汀对 DPP4 的特异性比对 DPP8 或 DPP9 酶的特异性更高（分别为 400 倍和 75 倍）。沙格列汀的活性代谢物的效力比母体低两倍。与一系列其他蛋白酶相比，沙格列汀及其代谢物对于预防 DPP4 具有高度选择性（>4000 倍）（与 DPP8 和 DPP9 相比，西格列汀和维格列汀对 DPP4 的选择性分别为 >2600 倍和<250 倍） ）。沙格列汀可减少肠促胰岛素激素胰高血糖素样肽-1 的降解，从而增强其作用，并与改善 β 细胞功能和抑制胰高血糖素分泌有关。激酶测定：Saxagliptin H2O(BMS477118 H2O) 是一种选择性、可逆的 DPP4 抑制剂，IC50 为 26 nM，Ki 为 1.3 nM。细胞测定：沙格列汀对 DPP4 的抑制常数 Ki 为 1.3 nM，比维格列汀或西他列汀（另两种 DPP4 抑制剂）的效力强 10 倍，Ki 分别为 13 和 18 nM。此外，沙格列汀对 DPP4 的特异性比对 DPP8 或 DPP9 酶的特异性更高（分别为 400 倍和 75 倍）。沙格列汀的活性代谢物的效力比母体低两倍。与一系列其他蛋白酶相比，沙格列汀及其代谢物对于预防 DPP4 具有高度选择性（>4000 倍）（与 DPP8 和 DPP9 相比，西格列汀和维格列汀对 DPP4 的选择性分别为 >2600 倍和<250 倍） ）[2]。沙格列汀可减少肠促胰岛素激素胰高血糖素样肽-1 的降解，从而增强其作用，并与改善 β 细胞功能和抑制胰高血糖素分泌有关

在 Zuckerfa/fa 大鼠中，沙格列汀对葡萄糖漂移的最大反应与对照相比约 60% 的血浆 DPP4 抑制相关，并且在较高抑制百分比下没有观察到额外的抗高血糖作用。相对于对照组，沙格列汀在 0.13-1.3 mg/kg 的剂量范围内，可非常有效地在 ob/ob 小鼠中引起明显的剂量依赖性葡萄糖清除率增强。沙格列汀在 oGTT 后 15 分钟以剂量依赖性方式显着升高血浆胰岛素，同时在 oGTT 后 60 分钟改善葡萄糖清除率曲线。

体外DPP-IV抑制试验。[3]
在稳态条件下，通过观察假底物Gly-Pro-pNA裂解后405nm处的吸光度增加来测量对人DPP-IV活性的抑制。使用Thermomax板读数器在96孔板中进行了测定。通常，反应包含100μL ATE缓冲液（100 mM Aces、52 mM Tris、52 mM乙醇胺，pH 7.4）、0.45 nM酶、120或1000μM底物（SKm，Km=180μM）和可变浓度的抑制剂。为了确保慢结合抑制剂的稳态条件，在添加底物之前，酶与化合物预孵育40分钟。所有系列抑制剂稀释液均在DMSO中，最终溶剂浓度不超过1%。通过将抑制数据拟合到结合等温线来评估抑制剂的效力：vi/v=范围/[1+（I/IC50）n]+背景，其中vi是不同浓度抑制剂I下的初始反应速度；v是无抑制剂时的控制速度；范围是未受抑制的速度和背景之间的差异；背景是在没有酶的情况下自发底物水解的速率；n是希尔系数。根据方程式Ki=IC50/[1+（s/Km）]，通过假设竞争性抑制，将每种底物浓度下的计算IC50转化为Ki。通过在高和低底物浓度下从测定中获得的Ki值的密切一致性来判断，所有抑制剂都具有竞争力。在低底物浓度下的IC50接近测定中使用的酶浓度的情况下，数据符合Morrison方程，以解释游离抑制剂的耗竭。30进一步细化IC50值，以确定Ki值，从而使用Ki=IC50/[1+（S/Km）]解释测定中的底物浓度。

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肝微粒体代谢率测定方法。[3]
使用大鼠肝微粒体。孵育物含有50 mM磷酸钾、约1 mg/mL微粒体蛋白、10 mM NADPH和10μM试验化合物。通过加入底物引发反应，并在37°C的振荡水浴中进行。通过加入等体积的乙腈并离心来终止培养。通过LC/MS分析上清液，在0和10分钟时进行母体定量。浓度的百分比变化用于计算母体化合物的代谢速率。

通过电穿孔将表达载体转染到中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO-DG44）细胞中，产生稳定的细胞系。CHO-DG44细胞系在添加了HT（甘氨酸、次黄嘌呤和胸苷）、谷氨酰胺和重组蛋白的PFCHO培养基中生长。然后收集1×107个细胞/mL，在300V下用60μg DNA进行电穿孔转染，然后转移到T75烧瓶中。转染后第三天，移除HT补充剂，用甲氨蝶呤（MTX，10 nM）开始选择。再过10天后，将细胞接种到96孔板的单个孔中。每10天，MTX的浓度增加2-3倍，最高可达400 nM。最终稳定的细胞系选择是基于表达蛋白的产量和活性。使用常规阴离子交换、凝胶过滤（S-200）和高分辨率MonoQ柱进一步纯化蛋白质。最终的蛋白质在SDS-PAGE凝胶上产生了一条带。氨基酸序列分析表明样品中有两个DPP-IV群体。该蛋白质的一部分从N端截短了27个氨基酸，而另一部分缺少N端37个氨基酸，这表明在分离过程中，整个跨膜结构域（包括His标签）被CHO细胞中存在的蛋白酶去除。使用Bradford染料法测量总蛋白浓度，并通过用我们之前报道的抑制剂（参考文献18中的化合物29）滴定酶来确定活性DPP-IV的量。在抑制或催化过程中没有观察到两相行为，这表明两种蛋白质群体在功能上是相同的[3]。

Male 13−14 week-old ob/ob mice
10 μmol/kg
Orally

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Pharmacokinetic and BioavailabilityStudies in Rats. [3]
Rats were housed under standard conditions and had free access to water and standard rodent laboratory diet. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were surgically prepared with indwelling jugular vein cannulae 1 day prior to drug administration. Rats were fasted overnight prior to dosing and were fed 8 h after dosing. The animals had free access to water and were conscious and unrestrained throughout the study. Each rat was given either a single intravenous (iv) or oral dose (10 mg/kg, n = 2, both routes). The iv doses were administered as a bolus through the jugular vein cannula and the oral doses were by gavage. The compounds were administered as a solution in water. Blood samples (250 μL) were collected at serial time points for 12 h after dose into heparin-containing tubes. Plasma was prepared immediately, frozen, and stored at −20 °C prior to analysis.

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Rat ex Vivo Plasma DPP-IV Inhibition. [3]
DPP-IV activity in rat plasma was assayed ex vivo using Ala-Pro-AFC·TFA, a fluorescence-generating substrate from Enzyme Systems Products. Plasma samples were collected from normal male Sprague−Dawley rats at various timepoints following an oral dose of test compound as previously described.18 A 20 μL plasma sample was mixed with 200 μL of reaction buffer, 50 mM Hepes, and 140 mM NaCl. The buffer contained 0.1 mM Ala-Pro-AFC·TFA. Fluorescence was then read for 20 min on a Perseptive Biosystem Cytofluor-II at 360 nm excitation wavelength, and 530 nm emission wavelength. The initial rate of DPP-IV enzyme activity was calculated over the first 20 min of the reaction, with units/mL defined as the rate of increase of fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) per mL plasma. All in vivo data presented are mean ± SE (n = 6). Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Fisher Post-hoc.

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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Zucker Rats. [3]
Male Zuckerfa/fa rats (Harlan) weighing between 400 and 450 g were housed in a room that was maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle and were allowed free access to normal rodent chow and tap water. The day before the experiment, the rats were weighed and divided into control and treated groups of six. Rats were fasted 17 h prior to the start of the study. On the day of the experiment, animals were dosed orally with vehicle (water) or DPP-IV inhibitors (0.3, 1, or 3 μmol/kg) at −240 min. Two blood samples were collected at −240 and 0 min by tail bleed. Glucose (2 g/kg) was administered orally at 0 min. Additional blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Blood samples were collected into EDTA-containing tubes from Starstedt. Plasma glucose was determined by Cobas Mira by the glucose oxidation method.

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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in ob/ob Mice. [3]
Male 13−14 week-old ob/ob mice were maintained under constant temperature and humidity conditions, a 12:12 light-dark cycle, and had free access to a 10% fat rodent diet and tap water. After an overnight fasting period of 16 h, animals were dosed orally with vehicle (water) or DPP-IV inhibitor (1, 3, 10 μmol/kg) at −60 min. Two blood samples were collected at −60 and 0 min by tail bleed for glucose and insulin determinations. Glucose (2 g/kg) was administered orally at 0 min. Additional blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min for glucose and insulin determinations. Blood samples were collected into EDTA-containing tubes. Plasma glucose was determined with a Accu-Chek Advantage glucometer. Plasma insulin was assayed using a mouse insulin ELISA kit. Data represent the mean of 12−24 mice/group. Data analysis was performed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Following a 5 mg single oral dose of saxagliptin to healthy subjects, the mean plasma AUC values for saxagliptin and its active metabolite were 78 ng•h/mL and 214 ng•h/mL, respectively. The corresponding plasma Cmax values were 24 ng/mL and 47 ng/mL, respectively. Saxagliptin did not accumulate following repeated doses. The median time to maximum concentration (Tmax) following the 5 mg once daily dose was 2 hours for saxagliptin and 4 hours for its active metabolite. Bioavailability, 2.5 - 50 mg dose = 67%
Saxagliptin is eliminated by both renal and hepatic pathways. Following a single 50 mg dose of 14C-saxagliptin, 24%, 36%, and 75% of the dose was excreted in the urine as saxagliptin, its active metabolite, and total radioactivity, respectively. A total of 22% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in feces representing the fraction of the saxagliptin dose excreted in bile and/or unabsorbed drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
151 L
Renal clearance, single 50 mg dose = 14 L/h
A single-dose, open-label study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin (10 mg dose) in subjects with varying degrees of chronic renal impairment (N=8 per group) compared to subjects with normal renal function. The 10 mg dosage is not an approved dosage. The study included patients with renal impairment classified on the basis of creatinine clearance as mild (>50 to =80 mL/min), moderate (30 to =50 mL/min), and severe (<30 mL/min), as well as patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. ... The degree of renal impairment did not affect the Cmax of saxagliptin or its active metabolite. In subjects with mild renal impairment, the AUC values of saxagliptin and its active metabolite were 20% and 70% higher, respectively, than AUC values in subjects with normal renal function. Because increases of this magnitude are not considered to be clinically relevant, dosage adjustment in patients with mild renal impairment is not recommended. In subjects with moderate or severe renal impairment, the AUC values of saxagliptin and its active metabolite were up to 2.1- and 4.5-fold higher, respectively, than AUC values in subjects with normal renal function. To achieve plasma exposures of saxagliptin and its active metabolite similar to those in patients with normal renal function, the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment, as well as in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Saxagliptin is removed by hemodialysis.
Saxagliptin is eliminated by both renal and hepatic pathways. Following a single 50 mg dose of (14)-C-saxagliptin, 24%, 36%, and 75% of the dose was excreted in the urine as saxagliptin, its active metabolite, and total radioactivity, respectively. The average renal clearance of saxagliptin (~230 mL/min) was greater than the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (approximately 120 mL/min), suggesting some active renal excretion. A total of 22% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in feces representing the fraction of the saxagliptin dose excreted in bile and/or unabsorbed drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
Saxagliptin was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in the fasted state, with maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of saxagliptin and its major metabolite attained within 2 and 4 hours (Tmax), respectively. The Cmax and AUC values of saxagliptin and its major metabolite increased proportionally with the increment in the saxagliptin dose, and this dose-proportionality was observed in doses up to 400 mg. Following a 5 mg single oral dose of saxagliptin to healthy subjects, the mean plasma AUC values for saxagliptin and its major metabolite were 78 ng*hr/mL and 214 ng*hr/mL, respectively. The corresponding plasma Cmax values were 24 ng/mL and 47 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-subject coefficients of variation for saxagliptin Cmax and AUC were less than 12%.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
The metabolism of saxagliptin is primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4/5 (CYP3A4/5). 50% of the absorbed dose will undergo hepatic metabolism. The major metabolite of saxagliptin, 5-hydroxy saxagliptin, is also a DPP4 inhibitor, which is one-half as potent as saxagliptin.
The metabolism of saxagliptin is primarily mediated by CYP3A4/5. In in vitro studies, saxagliptin and its active metabolite did not inhibit CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4, or induce CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, or 3A4. Therefore, saxagliptin is not expected to alter the metabolic clearance of coadministered drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes. Saxagliptin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate but is not a significant inhibitor or inducer of P-gp. ... The major metabolite of saxagliptin is also a DPP4 inhibitor, which is one-half as potent as saxagliptin.

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Biological Half-Life
Saxagliptin = 2.5 hours; 5-hydroxy saxagliptin = 3.1 hours;
Following a single oral dose of Onglyza 5 mg to healthy subjects, the mean plasma terminal half-life for saxagliptin and its active metabolite was 2.5 and 3.1 hours, respectively.

Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inihibitor used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. It has been indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple clinical settings. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Treatment with saxagliptin provided significant improvements in A1C versus placebo. Cases of overdose have been reported but most were accidental. The majority of gliptin-exposed adult and pediatric/adolescent patients were safely managed at home and when evaluated in a healthcare facility, did not require hospitalization. Intentional self-harm-adult gliptin exposures were managed in a healthcare facility but rarely resulted in hospitalization or serious morbidity at doses up to 18 times the adult therapeutic dose. Saxagliptin in healthy subjects at doses up to 400 mg daily for 2 weeks, or 80 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) had no dose-related clinical adverse reactions and no clinically meaningful effect on corrected QT interval (QTc) or heart rate. ANIMAL STUDIES: Saxagliptin produced adverse skin changes in the extremities of cynomolgus monkeys (scabs and/or ulceration of tail, digits, scrotum, and/or nose). Skin lesions were reversible at doses 20 times the MRHD but in some cases were irreversible and necrotizing at higher exposures. In developmental studies, higher doses of saxagliptin that elicited maternal toxicity also increased fetal resorptions (approximately 2069 and 6138 times the MRHD). Additional effects on estrous cycling, fertility, ovulation, and implantation were observed at approximately 6138 times the MRHD. Saxagliptin was not mutagenic or clastogenic with or without metabolic activation in an in vitro Ames bacterial assay, an in vitro cytogenetics assay in primary human lymphocytes, an in vivo oral micronucleus assay in rats, an in vivo oral DNA repair study in rats, and an oral in vivo/in vitro cytogenetics study in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. The active metabolite was not mutagenic in an in vitro Ames bacterial assay.

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Hepatotoxicity
In large clinical trials, rates of serum enzyme elevations were similar with saxagliptin therapy (
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).

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Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
No information is available on the clinical use of saxagliptin during breastfeeding. Saxagliptin has a shorter half-life than the other dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors, so it might be a better choice among drugs in this class for nursing mothers. Monitoring of the breastfed infant's blood glucose is advisable during maternal therapy with saxagliptin.[1] However, an alternate drug may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
The in vitro protein binding of saxagliptin and its active metabolite in human serum is negligible (<10%).

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Interactions
Concomitant administration of single doses of saxagliptin (10 mg) and glyburide (5 mg) increased peak plasma concentrations of glyburide and saxagliptin by 16 and 8%, respectively; the AUC of glyburide was increased by 6% and that of saxagliptin was decreased by 2%. The manufacturer states that no dosage adjustments are required because of changes in systemic exposures when saxagliptin and glyburide are given concomitantly. However, in patients receiving saxagliptin concomitantly with a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, a reduced dosage of the sulfonylurea may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
Concomitant administration of a single dose of saxagliptin (100 mg) and metformin hydrochloride (1 g) decreased the peak plasma concentration of saxagliptin by 21% and the AUC by 2%; metformin AUC and peak plasma concentration were increased by 20 and 9%, respectively.
Concurrent administration of saxagliptin (5 mg once daily for 21 days) and an estrogen-progestin combination contraceptive (ethinyl estradiol 35 mcg in fixed combination with norgestimate 0.25 mg once daily for 21 days) did not appreciably alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol or the primary active progestin component, norelgestromin.
Administration of a single dose of saxagliptin (10 mg) concurrently with a single dose of famotidine (40 mg) increased the peak plasma concentration of saxagliptin by 14% and AUC by 3%.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for Saxagliptin (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

[1]. Vasc Health Risk Manag . 2008;4(4):753-68.

[2]. Adv Ther . 2009 May;26(5):488-99.

[3]. J Med Chem . 2005 Jul 28;48(15):5025-37.

[4]. Adv Ther . 2009 Mar;26(3):249-62.

Therapeutic Uses
Onglyza is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple clinical settings. /Included in US product label/
Onglyza should not be used for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings.

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Drug Warnings
/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: LACTIC ACIDOSIS. Lactic acidosis is a rare, but serious, complication that can occur due to metformin accumulation. The risk increases with conditions such as sepsis, dehydration, excess alcohol intake, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, and acute congestive heart failure. The onset of lactic acidosis is often subtle, accompanied only by nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, myalgias, respiratory distress, increasing somnolence, and nonspecific abdominal distress. Laboratory abnormalities include low pH, increased anion gap, and elevated blood lactate. If acidosis is suspected, Kombiglyze XR should be discontinued and the patient hospitalized immediately. /Saxagliptin and metformin hydrochloride combination product/
FDA is evaluating unpublished new findings by a group of academic researchers that suggest an increased risk of pancreatitis and pre-cancerous cellular changes called pancreatic duct metaplasia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a class of drugs called incretin mimetics. These findings were based on examination of a small number of pancreatic tissue specimens taken from patients after they died from unspecified causes. FDA has asked the researchers to provide the methodology used to collect and study these specimens and to provide the tissue samples so the Agency can further investigate potential pancreatic toxicity associated with the incretin mimetics. Drugs in the incretin mimetic class include exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), liraglutide (Victoza), sitagliptin (Januvia, Janumet, Janumet XR, Juvisync), saxagliptin (Onglyza, Kombiglyze XR), alogliptin (Nesina, Kazano, Oseni), and linagliptin (Tradjenta, Jentadueto). These drugs work by mimicking the incretin hormones that the body usually produces naturally to stimulate the release of insulin in response to a meal. They are used along with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. FDA has not reached any new conclusions about safety risks with incretin mimetic drugs. This early communication is intended only to inform the public and health care professionals that the Agency intends to obtain and evaluate this new information. ... FDA will communicate its final conclusions and recommendations when its review is complete or when the Agency has additional information to report. The Warnings and Precautions section of drug labels and patient Medication Guides for incretin mimetics contain warnings about the risk of acute pancreatitis. FDA has not previously communicated about the potential risk of pre-cancerous findings of the pancreas with incretin mimetics. FDA has not concluded these drugs may cause or contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer. At this time, patients should continue to take their medicine as directed until they talk to their health care professional, and health care professionals should continue to follow the prescribing recommendations in the drug labels. ...
Acute pancreatitis has been reported during postmarketing experience in patients receiving saxagliptin therapy. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is evaluating unpublished findings suggesting an increased risk of pancreatitis and precancerous cellular changes (pancreatic duct metaplasia) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving incretin mimetics (exenatide, liraglutide, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, or linagliptin). These findings are based on examination of a small number of pancreatic tissue specimens taken from patients who died from unspecified causes while receiving an incretin mimetic. FDA has not yet reached any new conclusions about safety risks with incretin mimetics. FDA will notify healthcare professionals of its conclusions and recommendations when the review is complete or when the agency has additional information to report. FDA states that at this time clinicians should continue to follow the recommendations in the prescribing information for incretin mimetics. The manufacturer states that patients receiving saxagliptin-containing therapy should be monitored for manifestations of pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, saxagliptin should be promptly discontinued and appropriate management instituted. Saxagliptin has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis and it is not known whether such patients are at increased risk for pancreatitis with saxagliptin therapy.
... There have been postmarketing reports of serious allergic and hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema, exfoliative skin conditions). The onset of such reactions usually was within the first 3 months following treatment initiation; some reactions occurred after the first dose.
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Saxagliptin (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Pharmacodynamics
Post-administration of saxagliptin, GLP-1 and GIP levels rise up to 2- to 3- fold. Because it is very selective of DPP-4 inhibition, there are fewer systemic side effects. Saxagliptin inhibits DPP-4 enzyme activity for a 24-hour period. It also decreased glucagon concentrations and increased glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 0.5 nmol/L. Saxagliptin did not prolong the QTc interval to a clinically significant degree.

C18H25N3O2

315.41

315.194

C, 68.54; H, 7.99; N, 13.32; O, 10.14

361442-04-8

Saxagliptin hydrate;945667-22-1;Saxagliptin hydrochloride;709031-78-7; 361442-04-8; 1073057-20-1 (HCl hydrate); 1073057-33-6 (benzoate hydrate)

11243969

White to off-white solid powder

1.35

548.7±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg

285.6±25.9 °C

0.0±3.3 mmHg at 25°C

1.640

-0.14

90.35

2

4

2

23

609

4

N#C[C@@H]1C[C@]2([H])[C@](C2)([H])N1C([C@H]([C@@]34C[C@@H]5C[C@H](C4)C[C@](C5)(O)C3)N)=O

QGJUIPDUBHWZPV-SGTAVMJGSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H25N3O2/c19-8-13-2-12-3-14(12)21(13)16(22)15(20)17-4-10-1-11(5-17)7-18(23,6-10)9-17/h10-15,23H,1-7,9,20H2/t10?,11?,12-,13+,14+,15-,17?,18?/m1/s1

(1S,3S,5S)-2-[(2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)acetyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile

BMS 477118; Saxagliptin; BMS-477118; 361442-04-8; BMS-477118; Saxagliptin [INN]; BMS 477118; OPC-262; Saxagliptin anhydrous; BMS477118; brand name: Onglyza

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： (1). 本产品在运输和储存过程中需避光。  (2). 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中（例如氮气保护），避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: 8.33 mg/mL (26.41 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶。 (<60°C).

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配方 2 中的溶解度: Saline: 30 mg/mL

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。