N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (N,N-dimethylthiourea; DMTU)   中文名称: 1,3-二甲基硫脲

Hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenger

在本研究中，我们检测了羟基自由基清除剂N，N’-二甲基硫脲（DMTU）对水浸泡抑制应激（WIRS）诱导的大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。当禁食24小时的雄性Wistar大鼠暴露于WIRS 3小时时，胃粘膜损伤发生时，胃黏膜髓过氧化物酶（MPO）（一种组织中性粒细胞浸润指数）、促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β）、过氧化脂质（LPO）和亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐（NOx）（一个一氧化氮合成指数）的水平升高，胃黏膜非蛋白SH和维生素C以及胃粘附粘液的水平降低。在WIRS发作前0.5小时口服DMTU（1、2.5或5 mmol/kg），以剂量依赖的方式降低了胃粘膜损伤的严重程度，并减弱了在WIRS发病后3小时发现的胃粘膜MPO、促炎细胞因子、LPO、NOx、非蛋白SH和维生素C以及胃粘附粘液水平的变化。暴露于WIRS 3小时的大鼠血清皮质酮和葡萄糖水平升高，这是应激反应的指标，但任何剂量的DMTU预给药都对这些升高没有影响。这些结果表明，DMTU通过发挥其抗氧化作用（包括清除·OH和抗炎作用）来保护大鼠免受WIRS诱导的胃粘膜损伤，而不影响应激反应[1]。

Induction and observation of gastric mucosal lesions [1]
Rats aged 7 weeks were starved for 24 h before experiment, but were allowed free access to tap water. Rats were restrained in wire cages and immersed up to the depth of the xiphoid process in a 23 °C water bath to induce WIRS-induced gastric mucosal lesions, as described by Takagi and Okabe 2. Rats with and without WIRS were killed under pentobarbital anesthesia at 3 h after the onset of WIRS. The observation of gastric mucosal lesions was conducted as follows: 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl was infused into the stomachs of rats with and without WIRS through the duodenum after ligation of the esophagus at 5 mm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction and then the duodenum was ligated at 10 mm distal to the pylorus. The stomachs filled with 0.9% NaCl were removed, fixed with 10% formaldehyde for 10 min, and cut open along with the greater curvature. The gastric mucosa was carefully examined for lesions recognized as linear breaks (erosions) at the mucosal surface of the glandular part under a stereoscopic microscope (10×). The extent of the lesion (lesion index) is expressed as the sum of the length of these breaks per stomach.[1]
Administration of DMTU[1]
DMTU dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was orally administered to WIRS-exposed rats at a volume of 1 mL/100 g body weight (BW), that is, at a dose of 1, 2.5, or 5 mmol/kg BW at 0.5 h before the onset of WIRS. WIRS-exposed and unexposed rats without DMTU administration were orally administered with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl at the same time point.[1]
Oral N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU; 1, 2.5, or 5 mmol/kg) was given to 6-week-old male Wistar rats 0.5 hours prior to the onset of WIRS. Three hours after the start of WIRS, the drug dose-dependently attenuated changes in gastric mucosal MPO levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, NOx, non-protein SH, vitamin C, and gastric mucus [1].

[1]. Protective effect of N,N'-dimethylthiourea against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jun;31(3):319-328.

[2]. Analysis of volatile compounds in fermented black garlic by GC-MS.

C3H8N2S

104.17

104.04

534-13-4

2723631

White to off-white solid

1.0±0.1 g/cm3

121.6±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

61-63 °C

27.3±22.6 °C

14.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.516

Allium sativum

-0.35

56.15

2

1

0

6

46.8

0

S=C(N([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])[H]

VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C3H8N2S/c1-4-3(6)5-2/h1-2H3,(H2,4,5,6)

1,3-dimethylthiourea

N,N'-DIMETHYLTHIOUREA; 1,3-Dimethylthiourea; 1,3-Dimethyl-2-thiourea; Thiourea, N,N'-dimethyl-

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中（例如氮气下）。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (959.97 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
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