Autotaxin (IC50 = 2.8 nM)

此外，PF-8380 还能抑制大鼠自分泌运动因子（FS-3 的底物），IC50 为 1.16 nM。当胎儿成纤维细胞产生的酶与作为底物的溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (LPC) 结合时，PF-8380 的功效保持不变。当用 PF-8380 以 101 nM 的 IC50 处理人全血两小时时，自分泌运动因子受到抑制 [1]。溶血磷脂酶 D (lysoPLD) 活性由自分泌运动因子 (ATX) 发挥作用，该酶催化溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (LPC) 转化为溶血磷脂酸 (LPA)。对 GL261 和 U87-MG 细胞应用 1 μM PF-8380 作为预处理后，将它们暴露于 4 Gy 的辐射下，导致克隆存活率下降，迁移减少（GL261 中为 33%；P=0.002 和 17.9%） U87-MG 中；P=0.012），侵袭减少（GL261 中 35.6%；P=0.0037；U87-MG 中 31.8%；P=0.002），并减弱辐射诱导的 Akt 磷酸化 [2]。

在 24 小时内以 1 mg/kg 静脉注射剂量和 1 至 100 mg/kg 口服剂量检查 PF-8380 的药代动力学特性。 PF-8380的平均清除率为31 mL/min/kg，稳态分布容积为3.2 L/kg，有效t1/2为1.2 h。口服生物利用度中等，范围为 43% 至 83%。血浆浓度随着单次口服剂量的增加而增加，但 Cmax 的增加率大约与 1 至 10 mg/kg 的剂量成正比，但小于与 10 至 100 mg/kg 的剂量成正比。 PF-8380 的暴露量（通过曲线下面积测量）通常与剂量成比例，并且线性高达 100 mg/kg。采集后立即检测血浆 C16:0、C18:0 和 C20:0 LPA 水平。使用 3 mg/kg 剂量时，LPA 水平在 0.5 小时内下降幅度最大，所有 LPA 在 24 小时内恢复至或高于基线 [1]。 10 mg/kg PF-8380 治疗导致肿瘤相关血管分布适度增加 20% (P=0.497)。在 4 Gy 照射前 45 分钟，PF-8380 治疗使接受治疗的小鼠的血管分布与对照组相比减少了约 48% (P=0.031)，而仅接受放射治疗的小鼠则减少了 65% (P=0.011)[2]。

ATX ELISA和ATX活性测定。[3]
BOS和非BOS细胞系在60mm培养皿中培养直至融合。细胞用PBS洗涤一次，然后血清饥饿24小时。收集无血清上清液，并根据制造商的方案用人ENPP-2/Autotaxin Quantikine ELISA试剂盒测量ATX水平。使用SpectraMax M3多模式微孔板读数器测量450nm处的吸光度。对于ATX活性，收集细胞上清液，在4°C下以17000 g离心10分钟，以沉淀漂浮的细胞或碎片，并用带Ultracel-3膜的Amicon Ultra-4离心过滤器浓缩至原始体积的八分之一。在测量蛋白质浓度后，用荧光磷脂ATX底物FS-3对等量的总蛋白质进行ATX活性测定。简而言之，将30μl上清液和40μl FS-3溶液（含有5μM FS-3、140 mM NaCl、5 mM KCl、1 mM CaCl2、1 mM MgCl2、50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0和1 mg/ml BSA）混合并装载到Costar 96孔黑色壁透明底板上。分别在485nm和528nm的激发和发射波长下，使用SpectraMax M3多模微孔板读数器测量样品的荧光。 对于肺裂解物中的ATX活性测定，将20μl同种异体裂解物和40μl FS-3溶液混合，并对安慰剂和PF-8380治疗的肺同种异体移植物进行类似的ATX活动测定。

共培养克隆存活试验[2]
将HUVEC（1.0×106）和bEnd.3细胞（1.0×10^6）铺在100mm板上，24小时后，将U87-MG（2×10^7）和GL261（2×106）细胞铺在transwell插入物上。共培养24小时后，在用0、2、4、6或8 Gy照射之前，用1μM的PF-8380或载体对照DMSO处理细胞45分钟。与PF-8380或DMSO共培养处理后，将计算出的U87-MG和GL261细胞数量进行铺板，以使铺板效率正常化。孵育7至10天后，用70%乙醇固定平板，并用1%亚甲基蓝染色。通过在显微镜下观察平板，对由>50个细胞组成的菌落进行计数。存活分数计算为（集落数/铺板细胞数）/（相应对照的集落数除以铺板细胞数来）。通过对计算D0和n的α/β模型进行曲线拟合来分析生存曲线。

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细胞迁移的伤口愈合/划痕分析[2]
将GL261或U87-MG细胞一式三份铺在6cm的板上，并使其生长至70%融合。用无菌200μL移液管尖端刮擦半融合细胞层，以形成没有细胞的划痕，并用PBS洗涤平板一次，以去除非粘附细胞和碎片。对于放射增敏药物研究，在用4 Gy照射之前，用1μMPF-8380或DMSO处理细胞45分钟，然后在37°C的5%CO2中孵育。监测对照板的细胞迁移（20-24小时）。细胞用70%乙醇固定，用1%亚甲基蓝染色。为了量化迁移，对划痕区域中三个随机选择的高功率场（HPF）中的细胞进行计数，并对周围细胞密度进行归一化。计算每个治疗组的平均值和标准误差。

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肿瘤经口侵袭试验[2]
肿瘤经口基质凝胶侵袭试验以前曾用于帮助定量肿瘤与内皮的相互作用和转移。GL261（1.0×106个细胞/孔）或U87-MG（0.6×106个电池/孔）悬浮在无血清培养基中，并加入到带有8μm孔的基质涂层聚碳酸酯膜过滤器的上室（插入物）中。将500微升新鲜培养基加入底部腔室。对于放射增敏药物研究，在用4 Gy照射之前，两个腔室都用载体DMSO或1μMPF-8380处理45分钟。36小时后，用湿棉签去除膜插入物上腔室中的剩余细胞。将粘附在穿过基质凝胶侵入的transwell插入膜外表面上的细胞用100%甲醇固定并染色。使用Image J软件对每个样本的7-10个HPF中的侵袭细胞进行计数，并计算每个HPF中侵袭细胞的平均数量。计算每个治疗组的平均值和标准误差。

Mice, treatment, and tumor growth delay [2]
All animal procedures used in this study were approved by IACUC. Handling of animals and housing was followed as per DCM guidelines. GL261 cells (1 × 106) were injected into the right hind limb of nude mice. Once tumors were palpable the mice were serpentine sorted into groups of six to seven animals representing similar distributions of tumor sizes (range = 240 mm3). Tumor bearing mice were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle (DMSO) or PF-8380 at 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for five consecutive days. Forty five minutes after drug injection, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and positioned in the RS2000 irradiator. They were then irradiated with 2 Gy daily for five consecutive days for a total of 10 Gy. Lead blocks (10 mm thick) were used to shield the head, thorax, and abdomen. Tumor size was monitored longitudinally using an external traceable digital caliper.

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Oral gavage was performed in a containment room of the animal facility. PF-8380 and AM095 were dissolved in PEG 400 at a concentration of 6 mg/ml. Body weights of animals were measured daily. Treatment with PF-8380 or AM095 was administered by oral gavage twice daily at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight starting from day 14 after lung transplantation. Placebo-treated mice were given vehicle (PEG 400) via oral gavage ingestion. On day 40 after lung transplantation, mice were sacrificed, and lung allografts were harvested for Western blotting, hydroxyproline assay, or immunohistochemistry.

[1]. A novel autotaxin inhibitor reduces lysophosphatidic acid levels in plasma and the site of inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Jul;334(1):310-7.

[2]. Autotaxin Inhibition with PF-8380 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Human and Murine Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol. 2013 Sep 17;3:236.

[3]. Autocrine lysophosphatidic acid signaling activates β-catenin and promotes lung allograft fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2017 Apr 3;127(4):1517-1530.

Autotaxin is the enzyme responsible for the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC), and it is up-regulated in many inflammatory conditions, including but not limited to cancer, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. LPA signaling causes angiogenesis, mitosis, cell proliferation, and cytokine secretion. Inhibition of autotaxin may have anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of diseases; however, this hypothesis has not been tested pharmacologically because of the lack of potent inhibitors. Here, we report the development of a potent autotaxin inhibitor, PF-8380 [6-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propanoyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one] with an IC(50) of 2.8 nM in isolated enzyme assay and 101 nM in human whole blood. PF-8380 has adequate oral bioavailability and exposures required for in vivo testing of autotaxin inhibition. Autotaxin's role in producing LPA in plasma and at the site of inflammation was tested in a rat air pouch model. The specific inhibitor PF-8380, dosed orally at 30 mg/kg, provided >95% reduction in both plasma and air pouch LPA within 3 h, indicating autotaxin is a major source of LPA during inflammation. At 30 mg/kg PF-8380 reduced inflammatory hyperalgesia with the same efficacy as 30 mg/kg naproxen. Inhibition of plasma autotaxin activity correlated with inhibition of autotaxin at the site of inflammation and in ex vivo whole blood. Furthermore, a close pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship was observed, which suggests that LPA is rapidly formed and degraded in vivo. PF-8380 can serve as a tool compound for elucidating LPA's role in inflammation. [1]

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Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor that is radio-resistant and recurs despite aggressive surgery, chemo, and radiotherapy. Autotaxin (ATX) is over expressed in various cancers including GBM and is implicated in tumor progression, invasion, and angiogenesis. Using the ATX specific inhibitor, PF-8380, we studied ATX as a potential target to enhance radiosensitivity in GBM. Methods and materials: Mouse GL261 and Human U87-MG cells were used as GBM cell models. Clonogenic survival assays and tumor transwell invasion assays were performed using PF-8380 to evaluate role of ATX in survival and invasion. Radiation dependent activation of Akt was analyzed by immunoblotting. Tumor induced angiogenesis was studied using the dorsal skin fold model in GL261. Heterotopic mouse GL261 tumors were used to evaluate the efficacy of PF-8380 as a radiosensitizer. Results: Pre-treatment of GL261 and U87-MG cells with 1 μM PF-8380 followed by 4 Gy irradiation resulted in decreased clonogenic survival, decreased migration (33% in GL261; P = 0.002 and 17.9% in U87-MG; P = 0.012), decreased invasion (35.6% in GL261; P = 0.0037 and 31.8% in U87-MG; P = 0.002), and attenuated radiation-induced Akt phosphorylation. In the tumor window model, inhibition of ATX abrogated radiation induced tumor neovascularization (65%; P = 0.011). In a heterotopic mouse GL261 tumors untreated mice took 11.2 days to reach a tumor volume of 7000 mm(3), however combination of PF-8380 (10 mg/kg) with irradiation (five fractions of 2 Gy) took more than 32 days to reach a tumor volume of 7000 mm(3). Conclusion: Inhibition of ATX by PF-8380 led to decreased invasion and enhanced radiosensitization of GBM cells. Radiation-induced activation of Akt was abrogated by inhibition of ATX. Furthermore, inhibition of ATX led to diminished tumor vascularity and delayed tumor growth. These results suggest that inhibition of ATX may ameliorate GBM response to radiotherapy. [2]

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Tissue fibrosis is the primary cause of long-term graft failure after organ transplantation. In lung allografts, progressive terminal airway fibrosis leads to an irreversible decline in lung function termed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Here, we have identified an autocrine pathway linking nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT1), autotaxin (ATX), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and β-catenin that contributes to progression of fibrosis in lung allografts. Mesenchymal cells (MCs) derived from fibrotic lung allografts (BOS MCs) demonstrated constitutive nuclear β-catenin expression that was dependent on autocrine ATX secretion and LPA signaling. We found that NFAT1 upstream of ATX regulated expression of ATX as well as β-catenin. Silencing NFAT1 in BOS MCs suppressed ATX expression, and sustained overexpression of NFAT1 increased ATX expression and activity in non-fibrotic MCs. LPA signaling induced NFAT1 nuclear translocation, suggesting that autocrine LPA synthesis promotes NFAT1 transcriptional activation and ATX secretion in a positive feedback loop. In an in vivo mouse orthotopic lung transplant model of BOS, antagonism of the LPA receptor (LPA1) or ATX inhibition decreased allograft fibrosis and was associated with lower active β-catenin and dephosphorylated NFAT1 expression. Lung allografts from β-catenin reporter mice demonstrated reduced β-catenin transcriptional activation in the presence of LPA1 antagonist, confirming an in vivo role for LPA signaling in β-catenin activation.[3]

C22H22CL3N3O5

514.786182880402

513.062

2070015-01-7

PF-8380;1144035-53-9

78357775

White to off-white solid powder

88.2

2

6

7

33

693

0

ClC1C=C(C=C(C=1)COC(N1CCN(CCC(C2=CC=C3C(=C2)OC(N3)=O)=O)CC1)=O)Cl.Cl

JMSUDQYHPSNBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H21Cl2N3O5/c23-16-9-14(10-17(24)12-16)13-31-22(30)27-7-5-26(6-8-27)4-3-19(28)15-1-2-18-20(11-15)32-21(29)25-18/h1-2,9-12H,3-8,13H2,(H,25,29)

3,5-dichlorobenzyl 4-(3-oxo-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)propyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride

PF8380 HCl; PF-8380; PF-8380 (hydrochloride); PF-8380 hydrochloride; 2070015-01-7; (3,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl 4-[3-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)propyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride; 1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-[3-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-6-benzoxazolyl)-3-oxopropyl]-, (3,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl ester, hydrochloride (1:1); PF 8380

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 5.2 mg/mL (~10.10 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。