青霉素 V (0.002-8.0 mg/L) 在最低抑制浓度 (MIC) 0.004-0.008 mg/L 时即可抑制链球菌生长[2]。青霉素 V (0.002-8.0 mg/L) 的 MIC90 为 8 mg/L，可以阻止艰难梭菌生长[3]。青霉素 V（0.004-0.063 mg/L；18 小时）的 MIC 为 0.016 mg/L，可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长 [4]。

在小鼠大腿肌肉中，青霉素 V（0.063-0.25 mg/kg；单次皮下注射）可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长 [4]。患有急性化脓性中耳炎（AOM）的大鼠可以通过口服青霉素V（100 mg/kg），每天一次，持续五天来避免暴发性感染[5]。青霉素V（2 mg/kg；单次皮下注射）的平均曲线下面积（AUC）为0.47 mg/L·h，血浆半衰期为61分钟[4][4]。

Animal/Disease Models: Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Swiss mice (20-25 g) inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus [4]
Doses: 0.063, 0.13, 0.25 mg/kg
Route of Administration: Single subcutaneous injection
Experimental Results: Reduction in CFU number ( 1.34 × 107 counts/mL) compared with the control at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg (3.5 × 107 counts/mL).

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
A dose of 1,000,000 units of the acid gives peak plasma levels of about 2 to 3 ug/ml, but the potassium salt will provide levels of 4.5 to 9 ug/ml.
Penicillin VK provides faster and higher blood levels of antibiotic than Penicillin V.

---

Biological Half-Life
The half-life is 0.5 to 0.6 hr.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Limited information indicates that penicillin V produces low levels in milk that are not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with penicillins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Penicillin V is acceptable in nursing mothers.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
In one study, 12 infants were breastfed during maternal penicillin V therapy. Seven appeared normal, 3 had looser stools than normal, and 1 had a rash on the buttocks on the last day of therapy. These effects were possibly related to penicillin V in milk, but no control group was present. One infant had stains of blood in the stool, but it had happened once prior to maternal penicillin V treatment.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

[1]. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and phenethicillin. Med Clin North Am. 1970 Sep;54(5):1101-11.

[2]. In vitro effect on group A streptococci of loracarbef versus cefadroxil, cefaclor and penicillin V. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993;25(1):37-42.

[3]. In vitro susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials of clinical Clostridium difficile isolates collected in 1993-2007 in Sweden. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010 Aug;16(8):1104-10.

[4]. Comparative pharmacodynamics and clinical pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin and pheneticillin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 May;19(5):657-68.

[5]. Prevention of experimental acute otitis media with penicillin V. Acta Otolaryngol. Jan-Feb 1990;109(1-2):119-23.

Penicillin vk+ is an odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. pH (0.5% aqueous solution) 5 to 7.5. (NTP, 1992)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium is an organic potassium salt. It contains a phenoxymethylpenicillin(1-).
Penicillin V Potassium is the potassium salt of penicillin V, a member of the penicillin antibiotic family with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. Penicillin V binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity.
A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.
See also: Penicillin V (has active moiety).

---

Mechanism of Action
The penicillins and their metabolites are potent immunogens because of their ability to combine with proteins and act as haptens for acute antibody-mediated reactions. The most frequent (about 95 percent) or "major" determinant of penicillin allergy is the penicilloyl determinant produced by opening the beta-lactam ring of the penicillin. This allows linkage of the penicillin to protein at the amide group. "Minor" determinants (less frequent) are the other metabolites formed, including native penicillin and penicilloic acids. /Penicillins/
Bactericidal; inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Action is dependent on the ability of penicillins to reach and bind penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin-binding proteins (which include transpeptidases, carboxypeptidases, and endopeptidases) are enzymes that are involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Penicillins bind to, and inactivate, penicillin-binding proteins, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and lysis. /Penicillins/

C16H17KN2O5S

388.4793

388.049

132-98-9

Penicillin V-d5;1356837-87-0;Penicillin V;87-08-1;Penicillin V-13C6 potassium;Penicillin V Potassium-d5;2699607-22-0

23676814

White to off-white solid powder

1.40

681.4ºC at 760 mmHg

197-202°C

365.9ºC

1.69E-19mmHg at 25°C

124.07

1

6

5

25

553

3

CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)COC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)[O-])C.[K+]

HCTVWSOKIJULET-LQDWTQKMSA-M

InChI=1S/C16H18N2O5S.K/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)24-16)17-10(19)8-23-9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22);/q;+1/p-1/t11-,12+,14-;/m1./s1

potassium;(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(2-phenoxyacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate

Penicillin V potassium HSDB 6315 Penicillin VK

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

注意： 请将本产品存放在密封且受保护的环境中，避免吸湿/受潮。

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~12 mg/mL (~30.89 mM)
H2O : ~6 mg/mL (~15.44 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 12.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

---

配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 12.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

---

View More

配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 1.2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 12.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入900 μL 玉米油中，混合均匀。

---

配方 4 中的溶解度: 100 mg/mL (257.41 mM) in PBS (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.

---

请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。