Rho-associated protein kinas/ROCK; norepinephrine transporter/NET

体外活性：先前的研究表明，在细胞水平上，netarsudil 已被证明能够诱导肌动蛋白应力纤维的损失、细胞形状的改变、粘着斑的损失以及 TM 细胞的细胞外基质组成的变化。 Netarsudil（以前称为 AR-13324）是 ROCK 抑制剂，Ki 为 0.2-10.3 nM。它还抑制去甲肾上腺素转运活性，从而减少房水的产生。细胞测定：先前的研究表明，在细胞水平上，netarsudil 已被证明能够诱导肌动蛋白应力纤维的损失、细胞形状的改变、粘着斑的损失以及 TM 细胞的细胞外基质组成的变化。

动物功效研究发现，奈塔舒地尔的局部治疗能够影响小鼠常规流出道的近端部分（小梁网和施累姆斯管）和远端部分（巩膜内血管）。

Netarsudil（以前称为 AR-13324）是一种 ROCK 抑制剂，Ki 为 0.2-10.3 nM。此外，它还能抑制去甲肾上腺素转运活性，从而减少房水的产生。

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在PDB中总共发现了23个ROCK结构。最大和最小分辨率分别为3.4Å和2.93Å。选择7个ROCK-I和2个ROCK-II非冗余结构用于结合测定。在测试的46种化合物（20种异喹啉、15种氨基呋咱、6种苯二氮卓、4种吲唑和1种酰胺）中，与Y-27632相比，34种化合物的ROCK-1对接得分显著更高（p<0.0001）。所有ROCKi类的平均对接得分均高于Y-27632（p＜0.0001）。ROCK-I的异喹啉、氨基呋咱和苯二氮卓类化合物呈现最高对接得分的频率更高；以及ROCK-II的异喹啉和酰胺（补充图S2A）。ROCK-I和II平均对接得分最高的前十种化合物如补充图S2B所示。异喹啉类药物占前十个最高对接得分内药物的70%，其中三种化合物的对接得分强于Ş12。除Y-27632外，ROCK抑制剂之间没有显著差异。有趣的是，计算机分子对接模拟显示，大多数评估的分子，特别是异喹啉、苯二氮卓和酰胺类分子，对ROCK-1和ROCK-2的结合强度高于Y-27632（补充图S2B）。进行了计算机分子对接模拟，将PDB中发现的AR-13324和Y-27632抑制剂的异构体与高分辨率ROCK蛋白偶联。所有测试的AR-13324分子对ROCK-1和-2的对接得分都高于Y-27632。此外，异喹啉、苯二氮卓和酰胺类的PDB分子也显示出比Y-27632异构体更高的平均对接得分（补充图S2B）[3]。

先前的研究表明，netarsudil 可能会导致 TM 细胞的细胞外基质组成发生改变，以及粘着斑、肌动蛋白应力纤维和细胞形状的丧失。

Absorption
The systemic exposure of netarsudil and its active metabolite, AR-13503, after topical ocular administration of netarsudil opthalmic solution 0.02% once daily (one drop bilaterally in the morning) for eight days in 18 healthy subjects demonstrated no quantifiable plasma concentrations of netarsudil (lower limit of quantitation [LLOQ] 0.100 ng/mL) post dose on Day 1 and Day 8. Only one plasma concentration at 0.11 ng/mL for the active metabolite was observed for one subject on Day 8 at 8 hours post dose.

Route of Elimination
Clinical studies assessing the *in vitro* metabolism of netarsudil using corneal tissue from humans, human plasma, and human liver microsomes and microsomal S9 fractions demonstrated that netarsudil metabolism occurs through esterase activity. Subsequent metabolism of netarsudil's esterase metabolite, AR-13503, was not detectable. In fact, esterase metabolism in human plasma was not detected during a 3 hour incubation.

Volume of Distribution
As netarsudil and its active metabolite demonstrate a high degree of protein binding, it is expected to exhibit a low volume of distribution.

Clearance
The clearance of netarsudil is strongly influenced by its low plasma concetrations following topical administration and absorption and high protein binding in human plasma inn.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
After topical ocular dosing, netarsudil is metabolized by esterases in the eye to its active metabolite, netarsudil-M1 (or AR-13503).

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Biological Half-Life
The half-life of netarsudil incubated *in vitro
with human corneal tissue is 175 minutes.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
No information is available on the use of netarsudil during breastfeeding. Because netarsudil poorly absorbed by the mother after administration to the eye, it is unlikely to adversely affect the breastfed infant. Until more data become available, netarsudil should be used with caution during breastfeeding, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. To decrease the amount of drug that reaches the breastmilk after using eye drops, place pressure over the tear duct by the corner of the eye for 1 minute or more, then remove the excess solution with an absorbent tissue.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

[1]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016 May 15;26(10):2475-2480.

[2]. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Sep 15:787:20-31.

[3]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Nov 1;57(14):6197-6209.

[4]. Cells. 2023 May 3;12(9):1307.

See also: Netarsudil (has active moiety); Latanoprost; netarsudil mesylate (component of).

C30H35N3O9S2

645.74

645.181

C, 55.80; H, 5.46; N, 6.51; O, 22.30; S, 9.93

1422144-42-0

Netarsudil hydrochloride;1253952-02-1;AR-13324 analog mesylate; 1422144-42-0; 1254032-66-0

90410375

White to yellow solid powder

220Ų

4

11

8

44

770

1

S(C)(=O)(=O)O.S(C)(=O)(=O)O.O=C([C@@H](CN)C1C=CC(COC(C2C=CC(C)=CC=2C)=O)=CC=1)NC1C=CC2C=NC=CC=2C=1

QQDRLKRHJOAQDC-FBHGDYMESA-N

InChI=1S/C28H27N3O3.2CH4O3S/c1-18-3-10-25(19(2)13-18)28(33)34-17-20-4-6-21(7-5-20)26(15-29)27(32)31-24-9-8-23-16-30-12-11-22(23)14-24;2*1-5(2,3)4/h3-14,16,26H,15,17,29H2,1-2H3,(H,31,32);2*1H3,(H,2,3,4)/t26-;;/m1../s1

[4-[(2S)-3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]phenyl]methyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate;methanesulfonic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.87 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。