Akt1 (IC50 = 5 nM); Akt3 (IC50 = 8 nM); Akt2 (IC50 = 18 nM); PKA (IC50 = 3100 nM)

与密切相关的 PKA 和 p70S6K 相比，imatasertib diHClide 对 Akt1 的选择性分别高出 600 倍和 100 倍以上，IC50 值更高。在 230 种蛋白质缀合物（包括人类 AGC 家族的 36 名成员）中，Ipatasertib diHClide 在 1 μM 浓度下仅抑制三种蛋白质缀合物（PRKG1α、PRKG1β 和 p70S6K）超过 70%。 ..对于这三个物种，定期测量的 IC50 值依次为 98、69 和 860 nM。因此，与第二个最有效的非 Akt 抑制剂（上面的 p70S6K Multiples 面板）相比，ipatasertib 二盐酸盐对筛选中的 Akt1 选择性高出 100 倍，但 PKG1 除外（其中 ipatasertib 二盐酸盐对 Akt1 的选择性高出 10 倍以上） 。使用展示药物治疗剂量依赖性反应的三种异种移植模型来研究二盐酸ipatasertib：MCF7-neo的药代动力学（PK）和药效学（PD）之间的关系。 /HER2、TOV-21G.x1 和 LNCaP Ipatasertib diHClide 在这三种细胞系中的平均细胞活力 IC50 分别为 2.56、0.44 和 0.11 μM [2]。

在 Akt 由 PTEN 缺失、PIK3CA 突变或突变或 HER2 过度表达等遗传变化触发的移植模型中，二盐酸伊马替尼通常会成功。这些模型中的肿瘤在 100 mg/kg 或以下（在免疫功能低下的小鼠中观察到的最大耐受剂量）缓慢发育、生成或恢复。在体内检查中，每天将 RP-56976 与 Ipatasertib diHClide 组合可在 PC-3 和 MCF7-neo/HER2 异种移植小鼠中产生镇痛和肿瘤消退，但毒素本身要么无效，要么只是导致肿瘤发展。逐渐增加剂量。同样，当 Ipatasertib diHClide 和 NSC 241240 偶联时，在 OVCAR3 卵巢癌异种移植模型中观察到 TGI 升高。与额外化疗相比，Ipatasertib diHClide 联合 RP-56976 或 NSC 241240 单独治疗导致体重减轻不到 5% [2]。

Enzymatic Assays/酶实验[1]
用于测定Akt1/2/3和PKA激酶活性的测定采用IMAP荧光偏振（FP）磷酸化检测试剂来检测已被相应激酶磷酸化的荧光标记肽底物。这些研究中使用的Akt酶由重组杆状病毒表达、氨基末端、聚组氨酸标记、全长、野生型人类形式组成，并从商业上获得。这些研究中使用的PKA酶由商业上获得的大肠杆菌中表达的重组未标记的PKA人分离催化亚基组成。在环境温度下，将抑制剂、酶（9 nM Akt1或100 pM PKA）和底物（100 nM Crosstide）与5μM ATP在测定缓冲液（10 mM Tris-HCl（pH 7.2）、10 mM MgCl2、0.1%BSA（w/v）、最终DMSO 2%（v/v））中在5μL反应体积中孵育60分钟。通过向ATP溶液中加入酶+肽底物引发反应。加入IMAP结合试剂（15μL）终止反应，并将停止的反应在室温下孵育至少30分钟。

在以5000个细胞/孔的密度镀在黑色透明底96孔板上的LNCaP细胞中测量细胞存活率的抑制，随后在37°C和5%CO2下用0-10μM 28（ipatasertib）处理72小时。细胞增殖的程度是通过使用560nm的激发波长和590nm的发射波长测量制造商方案中所述的刃天青还原为再硫酸镁来确定的。使用四参数逻辑斯蒂模型生成剂量-反应曲线，并根据这些曲线拟合确定50%抑制浓度（IC50）值。[1]

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简而言之，在ipatasertib处理后，HCT116 WT或p53-/-用1%甲醛固定，并在温SDS裂解缓冲液中裂解。获得基因组DNA，并通过在冰上超声处理将其剪切至200-1000bp。样品用蛋白A-琼脂糖/鲑鱼精子DNA（50%浆液）在4°C下搅拌预清洗1小时。然后加入抗FoxO3a抗体或抗p65抗体，在4°C的摇床上孵育过夜。正常兔IgG用作阴性对照。然后加入蛋白质琼脂糖/鲑鱼精子DNA（50%浆液）珠，以沉淀抗体/蛋白质/DNA复合物。用连续洗涤缓冲液洗涤后，用洗脱缓冲液（1%SDS，0.1 M NaHCO3）从珠粒中洗脱DNA-蛋白质免疫复合物30分钟。最后，通过在65°C下与0.2 M NaCl孵育4小时，逆转蛋白质-DNA交联以释放DNA[3]。

Female nude mice bearing LNCaP, PC3, KPL-4, or MCF7 tumor xenografts
~100 mg/kg/day
Orally

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For in vivo tumor xenograft studies, female nu/nu (nude) mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the right hind flank with PC3 cells suspended in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). When tumors reached a mean volume of 150 mm3, the animals were size matched and distributed into treatment groups consisting of 10 animals/group. Tumor volume was calculated as follows: tumor size (mm3) = (longer measurement × (shorter measurement)2) × 0.5. Following data analysis, p values were determined using Dunnett’s t test with JMP statistical software, version 7.0 (SAS Institute). Mouse body weights were recorded twice weekly using an Adventura Pro AV812 scale (Ohaus Corp.). Mice were promptly euthanized when the tumor volume exceeded 2000 mm3 or if body weight loss was ≥20% of the starting weight per IACUC protocol guidelines.[1]

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For PK/PD studies, blood and tumor samples were collected at 1, 3, 8, and 24 h after a single dose of ipatasertib from PC3 tumor bearing mice. Blood samples (approximately 800 μL) were collected from each animal at the scheduled sample collection time by terminal cardiac puncture into tubes containing K2EDTA as an anticoagulant and centrifuged at 1500–2000g to isolate plasma. The concentration of ipatasertib in each plasma sample was determined by a nonvalidated LC/MS/MS assay in the DMPK Bioanalytical Department at Genentech. The assay lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.005 μM. Tumor samples were dissociated in Tris lysis buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, and 1% Triton X-100. Protein concentrations were determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit. The human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine the levels of total PRAS40 and PRAS40 phosphorylated at Thr246 (p-PRAS40). The assay quantifies protein levels on the basis of measurements of absorbance. The colored product is directly proportional to the concentration of p-PRAS40 and tPRAS40 present in the specimen. The Meso Scale Discovery Multi-Spot Biomarker Detection System was used to determine the levels of total S6RP and S6RP phosphorylated at Ser235/236 (pS6RP). These assays quantify protein levels on the basis of measurements of electrochemiluminescence intensity. Levels of phosphorylated protein were normalized to total protein levels in ipatasertib-treated tumors and compared to the vehicle control.[1]

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In vivo efficacy was evaluated in multiple tumor cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models. Cells or tumor fragments were implanted subcutaneously into the flank of immunocompromised mice. Female or male nude (nu/nu) or severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID)/beige mice were used. For the MCF7-neo/HER2 model, 17β-estradiol pellets (0.36 mg/pellet, 60-day release, no. SE-121) were implanted into the dorsal shoulder before cell inoculation. Male mice were castrated before implantation of tumor fragments. After implantation of tumor cells or fragments into mice, tumors were monitored until they reached mean tumor volumes of 180 to 350 mm3 and distributed into groups of 8 to 10 animals/group. ipatasertib/GDC-0068 was formulated in 0.5% methylcellulose/0.2% Tween-80 (MCT) and administered daily (QD), via oral (per os; PO) gavage.[2]

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HCT116 WT and PUMA−/− were harvested, and 1 × 10~6 cells in 0.2 ml of medium were implanted subcutaneously into the back of athymic nude female mice. Female 5-week-old nude mice were housed in a sterile environment with microisolator cages and allowed access to water and chow ad libitum. Mice were treated daily with ipatasertib/GDC-0068 at 40 mg/kg by oral gavage for 21 days treatment after 7 days. Calipers were used to monitor the tumor growth, volume was calculated by the formula: 0.5 × length × width2. Mice were euthanized when tumors reached ~1.0 cm3 in size. Tumors were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin.[3]

[1]. Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a selective ATP-competitive Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068) for the treatment of human tumors. J Med Chem. 2012 Sep 27;55(18):8110-27.

[2]. Targeting activated Akt with GDC-0068, a novel selective Akt inhibitor that is efficacious in multiple tumor models. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 1;19(7):1760-72

[3]. Ipatasertib, a novel Akt inhibitor, induces transcription factor FoxO3a and NF-κB directly regulates PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Sep 5;9(9):911.

Colon cancer is one of the three common malignant tumors, with a lower survival rate. Ipatasertib, a novel highly selective ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor, shows a strong antitumor effect in a variety of carcinoma, including colon cancer. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the precise underlying mechanism of clinical therapy for colon cancer. We conducted this study to determine that ipatasertib prevented colon cancer growth through PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Ipatasertib led to p53-independent PUMA activation by inhibiting Akt, thereby activating both FoxO3a and NF-κB synchronously that will directly bind to PUMA promoter, up-regulating PUMA transcription and Bax-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Remarkably, Akt/FoxO3a/PUMA is the major pathway while Akt/NF-κB/PUMA is the secondary pathway of PUMA activation induced by ipatasertib in colon cancer. Knocking out PUMA eliminated ipatasertib-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo (xenografts). Furthermore, PUMA is also indispensable in combinational therapies of ipatasertib with some conventional or novel drugs. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PUMA induction by FoxO3a and NF-κB is a critical step to suppress the growth of colon cancer under the therapy with ipatasertib, which provides some theoretical basis for clinical assessment.[3]

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Purpose: We describe the preclinical pharmacology and antitumor activity of GDC-0068, a novel highly selective ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers. Experimental design: The effect of GDC-0068 on Akt signaling was characterized using specific biomarkers of the Akt pathway, and response to GDC-0068 was evaluated in human cancer cell lines and xenograft models with various genetic backgrounds, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Results: GDC-0068 blocked Akt signaling both in cultured human cancer cell lines and in tumor xenograft models as evidenced by dose-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of downstream targets. Inhibition of Akt activity by GDC-0068 resulted in blockade of cell-cycle progression and reduced viability of cancer cell lines. Markers of Akt activation, including high-basal phospho-Akt levels, PTEN loss, and PIK3CA kinase domain mutations, correlate with sensitivity to GDC-0068. Isogenic PTEN knockout also sensitized MCF10A cells to GDC-0068. In multiple tumor xenograft models, oral administration of GDC-0068 resulted in antitumor activity ranging from tumor growth delay to regression. Consistent with the role of Akt in a survival pathway, GDC-0068 also enhanced antitumor activity of classic chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusions: GDC-0068 is a highly selective, orally bioavailable Akt kinase inhibitor that shows pharmacodynamic inhibition of Akt signaling and robust antitumor activity in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our preclinical data provide a strong mechanistic rationale to evaluate GDC-0068 in cancers with activated Akt signaling.[2]

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The discovery and optimization of a series of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine compounds that are ATP-competitive, selective inhibitors of protein kinase B/Akt is reported. The initial design and optimization was guided by the use of X-ray structures of inhibitors in complex with Akt1 and the closely related protein kinase A. The resulting compounds demonstrate potent inhibition of all three Akt isoforms in biochemical assays and poor inhibition of other members of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase/protein kinase G/protein kinase C extended family and block the phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets of Akt in human cancer cell lines. Biological studies with one such compound, 28 (GDC-0068), demonstrate good oral exposure resulting in dose-dependent pharmacodynamic effects on downstream biomarkers and a robust antitumor response in xenograft models in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated. 28 is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.[1]

C24H33CL2N5O2

494.45712351799

493.201

1489263-16-2

1001264-89-6;1489263-16-2 (HCl);1396257-94-5 (2HCl);1491138-23-8 (besylate); 1491138-24-9;

72188570

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

81.6Ų

3

6

6

33

622

3

C[C@@H]1C[C@H](C2=C1C(=NC=N2)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)[C@H](CNC(C)C)C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)O.Cl

DGGYVQQEWGRNDH-GJYOXNSLSA-N

InChI=1S/C24H32ClN5O2.ClH/c1-15(2)26-13-19(17-4-6-18(25)7-5-17)24(32)30-10-8-29(9-11-30)23-21-16(3)12-20(31)22(21)27-14-28-23/h4-7,14-16,19-20,26,31H,8-13H2,1-3H31H/t16-,19-,20-/m1./s1

(S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-((5R,7R)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-1-one hydrochloride.

GDC0068; GDC-0068; GDC 0068; RG7440; Ipatasertib HCl; 1489263-16-2; Ipatasertib hydrochloride; Ipatasertib monohydrochloride; M94BW9PF2L; Ipatasertib hydrochloride [JAN]; (2S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-[(5R,7R)-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-1-one;hydrochloride; Ipatasertib hydrochloride (JAN); RG-7440; RG 7440

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
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6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。