FLT3 (IC50 = 1 nM); c-Kit (IC50 = 2 nM); FGFR1 (IC50 = 8 nM); FGFR3 (IC50 = 9 nM); VEGFR3 (IC50 = 8 nM); VEGFR1 (IC50 = 10 nM); VEGFR2 (IC50 = 13 nM); PDGFRβ (IC50 = 27 nM); PDGFRα (IC50 = 210 nM); CSF-1R (IC50 = 36 nM)

体外活性：Dovitinib 有效抑制 FGF 刺激的 WT 和表达 F384L-FGFR3 的 B9 细胞的生长，IC50 为 25 nM。此外，Dovitinib 还可抑制表达 FGFR3 各种激活突变体的 B9 细胞的增殖。有趣的是，不同 FGFR3 突变对 Dovitinib 的敏感性观察到的差异很小，每种突变的 IC50 范围为 70 至 90 nM。仅含有载体的 IL-6 依赖性 B9 细胞（B9-MINV 细胞对浓度高达 1 μM 的 Dovitinib 的抑制活性具有抗性。Dovitinib 抑制 KMS11 (FGFR3-Y373C)、OPM2 (FGFR3-K650E) 和KMS18 (FGFR3-G384D) 细胞的 IC50 分别为 90 nM（KMS11 和 OPM2）和 550 nM。Dovitinib 抑制 FGF 介导的 ERK1/2 磷酸化，并在表达 FGFR3 的原代 MM 细胞中诱导细胞毒性。BMSC 确实赋予适度的细胞毒性。用 500 nM Dovitinib 处理并在基质上培养的细胞具有 44.6% 的耐药性，而没有 BMSC 生长的细胞则具有 71.6% 的生长抑制。Dovitinib 抑制 M-NFS-60 的增殖，M-NFS-60 是一种 M-CSF 生长驱动的小鼠成髓细胞系中位有效浓度 (EC50) 为 220 nM。用 Dovitinib 处理 SK-HEP1 细胞会导致细胞数量呈剂量依赖性减少，G2/M 期停滞，同时 G0/G1 和 S 期减少，锚定抑制-bFGF 诱导的细胞运动的独立生长和阻断。 Dovitinib 在 SK-HEP1 细胞中的 IC50 约为 1.7 μM。 Dovitinib 还显着降低 SK-HEP1 和 21-0208 细胞中 FGFR-1、FGFR 底物 2α (FRS2-α) 和 ERK1/2 的基础磷酸化水平，但不降低 Akt。在 21-0208 HCC 细胞中，Dovitinib 显着抑制 bFGF 诱导的 FGFR-1、FRS2-α、ERK1/2 磷酸化，但不抑制 Akt。激酶测定：多维替尼抑制 RTK 的 50% 抑制浓度 (IC50) 以时间分辨荧光 (TRF) 或放射性形式测定，测量多维替尼对相应酶磷酸盐转移至底物的抑制作用。 FGFR3、FGFR1、PDGFRβ 和 VEGFR1-3 的激酶结构域在 50 mM HEPES（N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N'-2-乙磺酸）、pH 7.0、2 mM MgCl2、10 mM MnCl2、1 mM NaF、 1 mM 二硫苏糖醇 (DTT)、1 mg/mL 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)、0.25 μM 生物素化肽底物 (GGGGQDGKDYIVLPI) 和 1 至 30 μM 三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)，具体取决于相应酶的 Km。 ATP 浓度等于或略低于 Km。对于 c-KIT 和 FLT3 反应，在存在 0.25 至 1 μM 生物素化肽底物 (GGLFDDPSYVNVQNL) 的情况下，使用 0.2 至 8 μM ATP 将 pH 升至 7.5。反应在室温下孵育 1 至 4 小时，磷酸化肽被捕获在含有终止反应缓冲液（25 mM EDTA [乙二胺四乙酸]、50 mM HEPES，pH 7.5）的链霉亲和素包被的微量滴定板上。使用铕标记的抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体 PT66 通过 DELFIA TRF 系统测量磷酸化肽。使用 XL-Fit 数据分析软件 4.1 版 (IDBS) 的非线性回归计算 Dovitinib 的 IC50 浓度。集落刺激因子 1 受体 (CSF-1R)、PDGFRα、胰岛素受体 (InsR) 和胰岛素样生长因子受体 1 (IGFR1) 激酶活性的抑制在 ATP 浓度接近 ATP 的 Km 时测定。细胞测定：通过 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑)-2,5-二苯基四唑 (MTT) 染料吸光度评估细胞活力。将细胞以每孔 5 × 103（B9 细胞）或 2 × 104（MM 细胞系）细胞的密度接种在 96 孔板中。将细胞与 30 ng/mL aFGF 和 100 μg/mL 肝素或 1% IL-6（如指定）一起孵育，并增加 Dovitinib 浓度。对于每个浓度的 Dovitinib，添加 10 μL 等份的药物或在培养基中稀释的 DMSO。对于药物组合研究，细胞与 0.5 μM 地塞米松、100 nM Dovitinib 或同时与两者一起孵育（如有指示）。为了评估 Dovitinib 对粘附 BMSC 的 MM 细胞生长的影响，在存在或不存在 Dovitinib 的情况下，在 BMSC 包被的 96 孔板上培养 104 个 KMS11 细胞。将板孵育 48 至 96 小时。为了评估巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (M-CSF) 介导的生长，将 5 × 103 M-NFS-60 细胞/孔与含有 10 ng/mL M-CSF 且不含粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落的 Dovitinib 连续稀释液一起孵育。刺激因子（GM-CSF）。 72 小时后，使用 Cell Titer-Glo Assay 测定细胞活力。每个实验条件一式三份进行。

Dovitinib 在体内诱导细胞抑制和细胞毒性反应，导致表达 FGFR3 的肿瘤消退。 Dovitinib 对肿瘤异种移植物中表达的靶受体酪氨酸激酶 (RTK) 显示剂量和暴露依赖性抑制。 Dovitinib 可有效抑制六种 HCC 细胞系的肿瘤生长。血管生成的抑制与 FGFR/PDGFRβ/VEGFR2 信号通路的失活相关。在原位模型中，Dovitinib 可有效抑制原发性肿瘤生长和肺转移，并显着延长小鼠的生存期。 Dovitinib 的给药可显着抑制肿瘤生长和肿瘤消退，包括已形成的大肿瘤 (500-1,000 mm3)。

在时间分辨荧光 (TRF) 或放射性形式中，计算多韦替尼抑制 RTK 的 50% 抑制浓度 (IC50) 值，测量多韦替尼引起的相应酶对磷酸盐转移至底物的抑制。 FGFR3、FGFR1、PDGFRβ 和 VEGFR1-3 激酶结构域的测定条件为 50 mM HEPES（N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N'-2-乙磺酸）、pH 7.0、2 mM MgCl2、10 mM MnCl2、1 mM NaF、1 mM 二硫苏糖醇 (DTT)、1 mg/mL 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)、0.25 μM 生物素化肽底物 (GGGGQDGKDYIVLPI) 和 1 至 30 μM 三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)，具体取决于每种酶对应的 Km 。 ATP 的浓度等于或略低于 Km。对于 c-KIT 和 FLT3 反应，pH 值增加至 7.5，并添加 0.2 至 8 μM ATP 以及 0.25 至 1 μM 生物素化肽底物 (GGLFDDPSYVNVQNL)。反应在室温下孵育一到四小时后，磷酸化肽被捕获在含有终止反应缓冲液（25 mM EDTA [乙二胺四乙酸]，50 mM HEPES，pH 7.5）的链霉亲和素包被的微量滴定板上。 DELFIA TRF 系统使用铕标记的抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体 (PT66) 测量磷酸化肽。使用XL-Fit数据分析软件4.1版(IDBS)，使用非线性回归计算多维替尼的IC50浓度。当 ATP 浓度接近 ATP Km 时，胰岛素受体 (InsR)、PDGFRα、集落刺激因子 1 受体 (CSF-1R) 和胰岛素样生长因子受体 1 (IGFR1) 的激酶活性受到抑制。

3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑)-2,5-二苯基四唑(MTT)染料吸光度代表细胞活力。每孔 5 × 103（B9 细胞）或 2 × 104（MM 细胞系）细胞的密度用于在 96 孔板中接种细胞。为了培养细胞，根据需要添加不同浓度的 Dovitinib 以及 30 ng/mL aFGF、100 μg/mL 肝素或 1% IL-6。对于每个浓度的多韦替尼，添加在培养基中稀释的 10 μL 药物或 DMSO 等分试样。药物组合研究涉及将细胞与 100 nM Dovitinib 或 0.5 μM 地塞米松一起孵育，或在必要时同时与两者一起孵育。为了评估Dovitinib对粘附于BMSC的MM细胞生长的影响，在存在或不存在Dovitinib的情况下在涂有BMSC的96孔板上培养104个KMS11细胞。板的孵育时间为 48-96 小时。按顺序将 5 × 10³ M-NFS-60 细胞/孔与含有 10 ng/mL M-CSF 且不含粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 的 Dovitinib 连续稀释液一起培养评估 M-CSF 介导的巨噬细胞集落生长的生长。使用 Cell Titer-Glo Assay，72 小时后评估细胞活力。每个实验条件都运行三次。

Xenograft mouse model[1]
The xenograft mouse model was prepared as previously described. Briefly, 6- to 8-week-old female BNX mice obtained from Frederick Cancer Research and Development Centre were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank with 3 × 107 KMS11 cells in 150 μL IMDM, together with 150 μL Matrigel basement membrane matrix . Treatment was initiated when tumors reached volumes of 200 mm3 at which time mice were randomized to receive 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg Dovitinib (CHIR-258) or 5 mM citrate buffer. Dosing was performed daily for 21 days by gavage. Eight to 10 mice were included in each treatment group. Caliper measurements were performed twice weekly to estimate tumor volume, using the formula: 4π/3 × (width/2)2 × (length/2). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between vehicle- and CHIR-258-treated groups.

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21-0208 and SK-HEP1 cells as well as patient-derived HCC models were employed to study the antitumor effect of dovitinib. Changes of biomarkers relevant to FGFR/VEGFR/PDGFR pathways were determined by Western blotting. Microvessel density, apoptosis and cell proliferation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Treatment of SK-HEP1 cells with dovitinib resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibition of colony formation in soft agar and blockade of bFGF-induced cell migration. Dovitinib inhibited basal expression and FGF-induced phosphorylation of FGFR-1, FRS2-α and ERK1/2. In vivo, dovitinib potently inhibited tumor growth of six HCC lines. Inhibition of angiogenesis correlated with inactivation of FGFR/PDGFR-β/VEGFR-2 signaling pathways. Dovitinib also caused dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma, upregulation of p-histone H2A-X and p27, and downregulation of p-cdk-2 and cyclin B1, which resulted in a reduction in cellular proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. In an orthotopic model, dovitinib potently inhibited primary tumor growth and lung metastasis and significantly prolonged mouse survival.
Conclusions: Dovitinib demonstrated significant antitumor and antimetastatic activities in HCC xenograft models. This study provides a compelling rationale for clinical investigation in patients with advanced HCC.[2]

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The pharmacologic activity of Dovitinib (CHIR-258) was characterized by monitoring target modulation as well as by evaluating the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects in human colon xenograft models.
Results: CHIR-258 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1/3, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) and shows both antitumor and antiangiogenic activities in vivo. Treatment of KM12L4a human colon cancer cells with CHIR-258 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and PDGFRbeta phosphorylation and reduction of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) levels, indicating modulation of target receptors and downstream signaling. In vivo administration of CHIR-258 resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and tumor regressions, including large, established tumors (500-1,000 mm(3)). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a reduction of phosphorylated PDGFRbeta and phosphorylated ERK in tumor cells after oral dosing with CHIR-258 compared with control tumors. These changes were accompanied by decreased tumor cell proliferation rate and reduced intratumoral microvessel density. CHIR-258 inhibited the phosphorylation of PDGFRbeta and ERK phosphorylation in tumors within 2 hours following dosing and the inhibitory activity was sustained for >24 hours. Significant antitumor activity was observed with intermittent dosing schedules, indicating a sustained biological activity.
Conclusion: These studies provide evidence that biological activity of CHIR-258 in tumors correlates with efficacy and aids in the identification of potential biomarkers of this multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. CHIR-258 exhibits properties that make it a promising candidate for clinical development in a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies.[3]

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Dissolved in 5 mM citrate buffer; 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg; p.o.

Female BNX mice bearing KMS11 cells

[1]. Blood . 2005 Apr 1;105(7):2941-8.

[2]. J Hepatol . 2012 Mar;56(3):595-601.

[3]. Clin Cancer Res . 2005 May 15;11(10):3633-41.

4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone is a N-arylpiperazine. Dovitinib is an orally active small molecule that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against multiple RTKs involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Preclinical data show that dovitinib works to inhibit multiple kinases associated with different cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. Chiron currently has three ongoing Phase I clinical trials for dovitinib.

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Dovitinib Lactate is the orally bioavailable lactate salt of a benzimidazole-quinolinone compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Dovitinib strongly binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inhibits its phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell death. In addition, this agent may inhibit other members of the RTK superfamily, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; platelet-derived growth factor receptor type 3; FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT); and colony-stimulating factor receptor 1; this may result in an additional reduction in cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The activation of FGFR3 is associated with cell proliferation and survival in certain cancer cell types.

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Dovitinib is a benzimidazole-quinolinone compound and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Dovitinib binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of type III-V RTKs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) that promote tumor cell proliferation and survival in certain cancer cells. In addition, this agent also inhibits other members of the RTK superfamily, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and colony stimulating factor receptor 1. This may further lead to a reduction of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and an induction of tumor cell apoptosis.

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Drug Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in multiple myeloma and solid tumors.

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Mechanism of Action
Unlike many kinase inhibitors that only target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Dovitinib inhibits receptors in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF ) pathway, as well as VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). FGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition is potentially of therapeutic significance to a group of myeloma patients whose cancer cells express high levels of surface FGF receptors.

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Purpose: There is no standard of therapy for the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), therefore there is a need for the development of new agents. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was shown to play a major role in several types in cancer. Dovitinib, an inhibitor of FGFR3, was effective in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we tested FGFR3 as a therapeutic target in WM and tested the effect of dovitinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of WM cells in the context of BM microenvironment.
Methods: The expression of FGFR3 in WM cells was tested using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cell signaling in response to stimulation with FGF3 and stromal cells, and its inhibition by dovitinib was performed using immunoblotting. Cell survival and cell proliferation were assessed by MTT and BrdU assays. Apoptosis was measured by detection of APO-2.7 and cleavage of caspase-3 using flow cytometry. Cell cycle was performed by PI staining of cells and flow cytometry. The combinatory effect of dovitinib with other drugs was analyzed using Calcusyn software. The effect of dovitinib was tested in vivo.
Results: FGFR3 was overexpressed in WM cells and its activation induced cell proliferation. Inhibition of FGFR3 with dovitinib decreased cell survival, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of FGFR3 by dovitinib reduced the interaction of WM to bone marrow components, and reversed its proliferative effect. Dovitinib had an additive effect with other drugs. Moreover, dovitinib reduced WM tumor progression in vivo.
Conclusion: We report that FGFR3 is a novel therapeutic target in WM, and suggest dovitinib for future clinical trial the treatment of patients with WM.[Clin Cancer Res . 2011 Jul 1;17(13):4389-99]

C27H33FN6O7

572.59

572.239

C, 59.74; H, 5.64; F, 3.94; N, 17.42; O, 13.26

852433-84-2

Dovitinib lactate;692737-80-7;Dovitinib;405169-16-6;Dovitinib lactate hydrate;915769-50-5

135985126

Solid powder

2.444

209.36

7

12

4

41

737

0

O=C(C(C)O)O.O=C1C(C2NC3C(=CC=C(N4CCN(C)CC4)C=3)N=2)=C(N)C2C(=CC=CC=2F)N1

XXLPVQZYQCGXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C21H21FN6O.2C3H6O3/c1-27-7-9-28(10-8-27)12-5-6-14-16(11-12)25-20(24-14)18-19(23)17-13(22)3-2-4-15(17)26-21(18)29;2*1-2(4)3(5)6/h2-6,11H,7-10H2,1H3,(H,24,25)(H3,23,26,29);2*2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)

4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one;2-hydroxypropanoic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

注意: 如下所列的是一些常用的体内动物实验溶解配方，主要用于溶解难溶或不溶于水的产品（水溶度<1 mg/mL）。 建议您先取少量样品进行尝试，如该配方可行，再根据实验需求增加样品量。

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注射用配方1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*生理盐水/Saline的制备：将0.9g氯化钠/NaCl溶解在100 mL ddH ₂ O中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
注射用配方 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
示例: 以注射用配方 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) 为例说明, 如果要配制 1 mL 2.5 mg/mL的工作液, 您可以取 100 μL 25 mg/mL 澄清的 DMSO 储备液，加到 900 μL Corn oil/玉米油中, 混合均匀。

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注射用配方 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline = 10 : 90 [如：100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)]
*20% SBE-β-CD in Saline的制备（4°C，储存1周）：将2g SBE-β-CD (磺丁基-β-环糊精) 溶解于10mL生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。
注射用配方 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (如： 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (羟丙基环胡精)→ 500 μL Saline)
注射用配方 6: DMSO : PEG300 : Castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (如： 50 μL DMSO → 100 μL PEG300 → 200 μL Castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
注射用配方 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (如： 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
注射用配方 8: 溶解于Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), 然后用生理盐水稀释。
注射用配方 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
注射用配方 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (如： 100 μL EtOH → 400 μL PEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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口服配方 1: 悬浮于0.5% CMC Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)
口服配方 2: 悬浮于0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
示例: 以口服配方 1 (悬浮于 0.5% CMC Na)为例说明, 如果要配制 100 mL 2.5 mg/mL 的工作液, 您可以先取0.5g CMC Na并将其溶解于100mL ddH2O中，得到0.5%CMC-Na澄清溶液；然后将250 mg待测化合物加到100 mL前述 0.5%CMC Na溶液中，得到悬浮液。

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口服配方 3: 溶解于 PEG400 (聚乙二醇400)
口服配方 4: 悬浮于0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 5: 溶解于0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (羧甲基纤维素)
口服配方 6: 做成粉末与食物混合

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注意: 以上为较为常见方法，仅供参考， InvivoChem并未独立验证这些配方的准确性。具体溶剂的选择首先应参照文献已报道溶解方法、配方或剂型，对于某些尚未有文献报道溶解方法的化合物，需通过前期实验来确定（建议先取少量样品进行尝试），包括产品的溶解情况、梯度设置、动物的耐受性等。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
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10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
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