BRafV600E (IC50 = 0.6 nM); CRAF (IC50 = 5 nM); B-Raf (IC50 = 5.2 nM)

在 Raf 激酶选择性方面，达拉非尼对 B-Raf 的偏好程度超过 91% 的其他测试激酶的 400 倍。 Dabrafenib 通过最初将特异性编码 B-RafV600E 突变的癌细胞的细胞周期阻滞在 G1 期，减少 ERK 磷酸化并抑制细胞增殖。 [1]

Dabrafenib（口服）可抑制在免疫缺陷小鼠皮下生长的 B-RafV600E 突变结肠癌 (Colo205) 和黑色素瘤 (A375P) 人类肿瘤异种移植物的发育。 [1]

对于长期增殖测定，将细胞置于含有 10% FBS 的 RMPI-1640 中 12 天，并用单一化合物或化合物组合进行处理。该测定涉及至少一种化合物治疗替代。 12 天后，使用 50% 乙醇中的 0.5% 亚甲蓝对细胞进行染色。使用平板扫描仪拍摄照片。

The 26 10-week-old, time-mated, virus-antibody-free SD (Crl:CD[SD]) female rats that were chosen as the test system gave birth to the rat pups. From Day 20 to Day 23 postpartum, mated females are monitored for spontaneous deliveries (the day parturition is complete is designated PND 0). When parturition is complete, on PNDs 3 and 6, litter examinations are carried out. These examinations include external morphologic examinations, gender determination, and individual pup weights. Clinical signs and body weights are used to select parturient dams and their litters for the study, and chosen dams and their litters are then randomly assigned to study groups based on clinical observations and PND 3 litter mean body weights. On PND 3 or 4, litters are reduced to four or five males and females, with only a small amount of fostering required to achieve the desired sex ratio. This helps to preserve natural litter sizes as much as possible. Records of the pups raised by the original and foster dams are kept. Paw tattoos are used to identify each puppy. Nonlittermates are placed in subsets to the greatest extent possible. DAB is administered to young male and female rats by oral gavage at a dose volume of 5 ml/kg, based on daily body weight, in a suspension of vehicle, 0.5% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M, and 0.1% (v/v) Tween80 in purified water.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
After oral administration, the median time to achieve peak plasma concentration (Tmax) is 2 hours. Mean absolute bioavailability of oral dabrafenib is 95%. Following a single dose, dabrafenib exposure (Cmax and AUC) increased in a dose-proportional manner across the dose range of 12 mg to 300 mg, but the increase was less than dose-proportional after repeat twice-daily dosing. After repeated twice-daily dosing of 150 mg, the mean accumulation ratio was 0.73, and the inter-subject variability (CV%) of AUC at steady-state was 38%.
Fecal excretion is the major route of elimination accounting for 71% of radioactive dose while urinary excretion accounted for 23% of total radioactivity as metabolites only.
The apparent volume of distribution (Vc/F) is 70.3 L.Distribution to the brain is restricted because dabrafenib is a substrate and undergoes efflux by P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein.
The clearance of dabrafenib is 17.0 L/h after single dosing and 34.4 L/h after 2 weeks of twice-daily dosing.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
The metabolism of dabrafenib is primarily mediated by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 to form hydroxy-dabrafenib. Hydroxy-dabrafenib is further oxidized via CYP3A4 to form carboxy-dabrafenib and subsequently excreted in bile and urine. Carboxy-dabrafenib is decarboxylated to form desmethyl-dabrafenib; desmethyl-dabrafenib may be reabsorbed from the gut. Desmethyl-dabrafenib is further metabolized by CYP3A4 to oxidative metabolites.

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Biological Half-Life
The mean terminal half-life of dabrafenib is 8 hours after oral administration. Hydroxy-dabrafenib's terminal half-life (10 hours) parallels that of dabrafenib while the carboxy- and desmethyl-dabrafenib metabolites exhibit longer half-lives (21 to 22 hours).

Hepatotoxicity
Elevations in serum ALT levels were reported in 11% of patients treated with dabrafenib alone, but all elevations were above 5 times ULN. When dabrafenib was given in combination with trametinib, serum ALT elevations occurred in 35% to 42% of patients and were above 5 times ULN in 4%. Similarly, serum alkaline phosphatase elevations occurred in 26% of patients given dabrafenib alone, but in 60% to 67% given dabrafenib and trametinib. These abnormalities were largely asymptomatic and fully reversible. There were no instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury or hepatic failure reported in prelicensure studies of dabrafenib and, since its approval and more wide spread use, there have been no published reports of dabrafenib hepatotoxicity.
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury).

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Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
No information is available on the clinical use of dabrafenib during breastfeeding. Because dabrafenib is more than 99% bound to plasma proteins, the amount in milk is likely to be low. The manufacturer recommends that breastfeeding be discontinued during dabrafenib therapy and for 2 weeks after the last dose.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
Dabrafenib is 99.7% bound to human plasma proteins.

[1]. Sylvie Laquerre, et al. 2009, EORTC International Conference. Abst B88.

[2]. Mol Cancer Ther . 2012 Apr;11(4):909-20.

[3]. ACS Med Chem Lett . 2013 Feb 7;4(3):358-62.

[4]. Clin Sci (Lond) . 2021 Jul 30;135(14):1631-1647.

Pharmacodynamics
Dabrafenib is a kinase inhibitor that is mainly used to target BRAF V600E mutation in multiple types of cancer. Although dabrafenib and [trametinib] both inhibit the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, they inhibit different effectors of the pathway, thus increasing response rate and mitigating resistance without cumulative toxicity. The melanoma approval for use with [trametinib] is based on results from COMBI-AD, a Phase III study of 870 patients with Stage III BRAF V600E/K mutation-positive melanoma treated with dabrafenib + trametinib after complete surgical resection. Patients received doses of dabrafenib (150 mg BID) + trametinib (2 mg QD) combination (n = 438) or matching placebos (n = 432). After a median follow-up of 2.8 years, the primary endpoint of relapse-free survival (RFS) was met. In the case of thyroid cancer, Dabrafenib plus Trametinib is the first regimen demonstrated to have potent clinical activity in BRAF V600E–mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer and is well tolerated. These findings represent a meaningful therapeutic advance for this orphan disease.

C23H20F3N5O2S2

519.56

519.101

C, 53.17; H, 3.88; F, 10.97; N, 13.48; O, 6.16; S, 12.34

1195765-45-7

Dabrafenib Mesylate;1195768-06-9;Dabrafenib-d9;1423119-98-5

44462760

White to off-white solid powder

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

653.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

349.2±34.3 °C

0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.626

3.54

148.21

2

11

6

35

817

0

S1C(C2C([H])=C([H])N=C(N([H])[H])N=2)=C(C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C(C=2F)N([H])S(C2C(=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=2F)F)(=O)=O)N=C1C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]

BFSMGDJOXZAERB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C23H20F3N5O2S2/c1-23(2,3)21-30-18(19(34-21)16-10-11-28-22(27)29-16)12-6-4-9-15(17(12)26)31-35(32,33)20-13(24)7-5-8-14(20)25/h4-11,31H,1-3H3,(H2,27,28,29)

N-[3-[5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-2-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide

GSK2118436A; GSK-2118436B; GSK 2118436A; GSK2118436B (Dabrafenib Mesylate ); GSK-2118436A; GSK 2118436B. Trade name: Tafinlar

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

配方 1 中的溶解度: 5 mg/mL (9.62 mM) in 30% PEG400 0.5% Tween80 + 5% Propanediol 64.5%H2O (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 悬浮液；超声助溶。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM) in 0.5%HPMC (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 悬浊液; 超声助溶。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入到400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100μL 25.0mg/mL澄清的DMSO储备液加入到900μL 20％SBE-β-CD生理盐水中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 5 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 6 中的溶解度: 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 悬浊液; 超声助溶。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 7 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.81 mM)(饱和度未知) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加),澄清溶液。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。