β-lactam

在不减弱万古霉素抗菌作用的情况下，西铂（200 μg/mL；24 小时；RPTEC）治疗可防止万古霉素诱导的近端小管凋亡并增强细胞活力[2]。

在全身感染的小鼠模型中（雌性小鼠，CD-1 株，20 g），亚胺培南加西司他丁可以保护小鼠免受金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的感染[3]。

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Cilastatin is reported by official FDA labeling to be 70% excreted in the urine, however published literature has reported values as high as 98%.
Cilastatin has a volume of distribution of 14.6-20.1L.
Cilastatin has a total clearance of 0.2 L/h/kg and a renal clearance of 0.10-0.16 L/h/kg.

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Biological Half-Life
The half-life of cilastatin is approximately 1h.

Protein Binding
Cilastatin is plasma protein binding is reported to be 35-40%.

[1]. The renal membrane dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase I) inhibitor, cilastatin, inhibits the bacterialmetallo-beta-lactamase enzyme CphA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jul;39(7):1629-31.

[2]. Protective Effects of Cilastatin Against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:704382.

[3]. In Vitro and in Vivo Activities of LJC10,627, a New Carbapenem With Stability to Dehydropeptidase I. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Jan;35(1):203-7.

Cilastatin is the thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. It has a role as a protease inhibitor, an EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid, a L-cysteine derivative, an organic sulfide and a carboxamide. It is a conjugate acid of a cilastatin(1-).
Cilastatin is an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase, an enzyme responsible for both the metabolism of thienamycin beta-lactam antibiotics as well as conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. Since the antibiotic, [imipenem], is one such antibiotic that is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase, cilastatin is used in combination with imipenem to prevent its metabolism. The first combination product containing both drugs was approved by the FDA in November of 1985 under the trade name Primaxin, marketed by Merck & Co. A newer triple-drug product was approved in July 2019 under the trade name Recarbrio which also contains [relebactam].
Cilastatin is a Renal Dehydropeptidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of cilastatin is as a Dipeptidase Inhibitor.
Cilastatin has been reported in Bos taurus and Apis cerana with data available.
A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.
See also: ... View More ...

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Drug Indication
Cilastatin is indicated, in combination with [imipenem] with or without [relebactam], for the treatment of bacterial infections including respiratory, skin, bone, gynecologic, urinary tract, and intra-abdominal as well as septicemia and endocarditis.
FDA Label

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Mechanism of Action
Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, imipenem, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to block the metabolism of imipenem.

C16H26N2O5S

358.45

358.156

C, 53.61; H, 7.31; N, 7.82; O, 22.32; S, 8.95

82009-34-5

Cilastatin sodium;81129-83-1;Cilastatin-15N,d3;2738376-83-3

6435415

White to off-white solid powder

1.275 g/cm3

655.5ºC at 760 mmHg

156-158ºC

1.569

2.523

155.02

4

7

11

24

519

2

C([C@H]1CC1(C)C)(=O)N/C(/C(=O)O)=C\CCCCSC[C@H](N)C(=O)O

DHSUYTOATWAVLW-WFVMDLQDSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H26N2O5S/c1-16(2)8-10(16)13(19)18-12(15(22)23)6-4-3-5-7-24-9-11(17)14(20)21/h6,10-11H,3-5,7-9,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)/b12-6-/t10-,11+/m1/s1

2-Heptenoic acid, 7-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio)-2-(((2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)carbonyl)amino)-, (R-(R*,S*-(Z)))-

MK 791; M K-791; MK0791; MK791;Cilastatin; MK 0791; MK-0791;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : 72~100 mg/mL (200.86~278.98 mM )
1M NaOH : ~100 mg/mL (~278.98 mM)
H2O : 7~12.5 mg/mL (~34.87 mM)

配方 1 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.67 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将100 μL 27.5 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入400 μL PEG300中，混匀；然后向上述溶液中加入50 μL Tween-80，混匀；加入450 μL生理盐水定容至1 mL。
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 2 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.97 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL澄清DMSO储备液加入900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD生理盐水溶液中，混匀。
*20% SBE-β-CD 生理盐水溶液的制备（4°C，1 周）：将 2 g SBE-β-CD 溶解于 10 mL 生理盐水中，得到澄清溶液。

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配方 3 中的溶解度: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.97 mM) (饱和度未知) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液。
例如，若需制备1 mL的工作液，可将 100 μL 25.0 mg/mL 澄清 DMSO 储备液加入到 900 μL 玉米油中并混合均匀。

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配方 4 中的溶解度: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (7.67 mM)

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配方 5 中的溶解度: 20 mg/mL (55.80 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (这些助溶剂从左到右依次添加，逐一添加), 澄清溶液; 超声助溶.
*生理盐水的制备：将 0.9 g 氯化钠溶解在 100 mL ddH₂O中，得到澄清溶液。

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请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解配方/方案：
1、请先配制澄清的储备液(如：用DMSO配置50 或 100 mg/mL母液(储备液));
2、取适量母液，按从左到右的顺序依次添加助溶剂，澄清后再加入下一助溶剂。以 下列配方为例说明 (注意此配方只用于说明，并不一定代表此产品 的实际溶解配方):
10% DMSO → 40% PEG300 → 5% Tween-80 → 45% ddH2O (或 saline);
假设最终工作液的体积为 1 mL, 浓度为5 mg/mL: 取 100 μL 50 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀/澄清；向上述体系中加入50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀/澄清；然后继续加入450 μL ddH2O (或 saline)定容至 1 mL；
3、溶剂前显示的百分比是指该溶剂在最终溶液/工作液中的体积所占比例;
4、 如产品在配制过程中出现沉淀/析出，可通过加热(≤50℃)或超声的方式助溶;
5、为保证最佳实验结果，工作液请现配现用！
6、如不确定怎么将母液配置成体内动物实验的工作液，请查看说明书或联系我们;
7、 以上所有助溶剂都可在 Invivochem.cn网站购买。